Britain becomes global power Good position to control trade Good for business and commerce (less trade restrictions) Winning side of European conflicts Territory expanded closer to home George III-60 year reign Wanted to reassert royal power
Colonies in mid 1700’s 13 colonies of the new world part of Britain’s empire Boston, New York, Philadelphia commercial centers Navigation acts- regulate colonial trade and manufacturing Not enforced well
Discontent Parliament passed Sugar and Stamp acts to increase taxes from colonists “No taxation without representation” Stamp act repealed in 1766 Declaratory Acts passed-complete authority over colonists
Colonists Rebel Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress John Adams George Washington Most battles ended in British victory
Declare independence Colonists were determined to continue to fight Second Continental Congress Voted to declare independence from Britain Thomas Jefferson Popular sovereignty-people give the gov’t its power
French provide support Americans beat British at Battle of Saratoga Persuaded France to ally with Americans Netherlands and Spain added to support Key moment-other countries recognized America as its own country
End of war British army surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia Treaty of Paris signed ending war Britain recognized independence of United States of America
New Constitution George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin among other delegates met in Philadelphia Intent: fix and amend the Articles of Confederation Result: new Constitution created
Impact of the Enlightenment Used ideas from Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau Social contract: “We the People of the United States” Separation of powers: Judicial, executive, legislative Natural rights: Bill of Rights