Early Modern China The Qing Dynasty, (1644-1911).

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Early Modern China The Qing Dynasty, (1644-1911)

1644 - Manchu Invasion Li Zicheng sacked Beijing Last Ming Emperor hanged himself Wu Sangui - Chinese border general decided Manchus are lesser of two evils Manchus defeat Li, declare Qing Empire

Structure of the Qing State Six ministries: War, Rites, Revenue, Justice, Personnel, Public Works Provincial Governors responsible for full province affairs District Magistrates Lowest Central gov't appointees Manage the affairs of 40,000 to 250,000 people (in 1800，only 1600 magistrates in China)

Qing Social Structure 4・level social order (Moral Economy) Examination System

Qing Economy Most people farmers Taxes in-kind on land holdings Trade volume increased money economy Publishing Cloth-making Banking Government monopoly salt & iron trades By chong qing shi wei sheng ju 重庆市卫生局编 [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons