“Still Life With Apples” Acids and Bases Paul Cezanne, “Still Life With Apples” 1890

Definitions Bronsted-Lowry: Arrhenius: Acids donate protons (H+) Bases accept protons (H+) Arrhenius: Acids produce hydronium in water (H3O+) Bases produce hydroxide in water (OH-)

Properties of acids and bases Property Acids Bases Product in water H3O+ OH- Protons? Donor Acceptor Taste Sour Bitter Feel Normal Wet Slippery Rxn with Metals Produce H2 No Reaction Rxn with Litmus Red Blue Rxn with Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink Electrical Conductivity Conducts Elec

What is the conjugate base? What is the conjugate acid? What is the acid? HNO3(aq) + NH3(aq) → NO3-(aq) + NH4+(aq) PO43- + CH3COOH → HPO42- + CH3COO- H2O + NH4+ → H3O+ + NH3 What is the base? What is the conjugate base? What is the conjugate acid?

Strong vs. Weak Strong acids and bases ionize or dissociate completely (100%) Ex: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl- NaOH → Na+ + OH- (all of the acid and base become products) Weak acids and bases ionize or dissociate only partially (<100%). They reach equilibrium. Ex: HNO2 + H2O ↔ H3O+ + NO2- NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4+ + OH- (only some of the acid and base become products)

Strong Acids HCl: hydrochloric acid HBr: hydrobromic acid HI: hydroiodic acid HNO3: nitric acid H2SO4: sulfuric acid HClO4: perchloric acid NOTE: HF and H3PO4 are not strong acids! Hydrogen Halides Oxyacids

Strong bases LiOH Sr(OH)2 NaOH Ba(OH)2 KOH RbOH CsOH Alkaline Earth Metals with OH- Alkali Metals with OH-

How many protons? Look at these three acids: HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 Which of the acids can give away the most protons (H+)? H3PO4! Since it can give away 3 protons, it is called a “triprotic acid.” Which acid do you think is monoprotic? HCl because it can only give away 1 proton. Which acid do you think is diprotic?

How many protons? Acids that can give away more than one proton are called polyprotic. Acids that can give away only one proton are called monoprotic.