WWII: America At War & The Holocaust

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WWII: America At War & The Holocaust

The U.S. Military 1940: Congress passes Selective Service & Training Act 1st peacetime draft in American history Army flooded with new recruits, needs land & supplies U.S. army was segregated African-Americans see war as opportunity to fight racism “Double V”: Victory over racism in Germany and at home Tuskegee Airmen: 99th Pursuit Squadron Navajo “code talkers” 500,000 Hispanics (17 win Medal of Honor) Women serve various roles (Women’s Army Corps)

Camp Miami Beach

America’s Wartime Economy FDR’s National Defense Advisory Committee Cost-Plus: Gov’t will pay businesses the cost plus a percentage in profit for war materials Building fighter planes and “two ocean” navy stimulate economic growth 200,000 factories converted to wartime production Car factories make tanks, ships, planes “Liberty Ships”

American Life During War WWII ends the Great Depression Families move to where the jobs are—Sunbelt Most men go off to war, especially white men Women, African-Americans, Mexican immigrants fill jobs once reserved for white, male American citizens Executive Order 8802 “Victory Suits” and the “Zoot Suit” Race Riots Japanese subs bomb California coast/oil refineries West Coast Japanese moved to inland internment camps German and Italian immigrants were restricted from travel, loss of property, internment camps

Daily Life In Wartime America Wages and prices rise b/c of demand Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS) and Office of Economic Stabilization (OES) Economy regulated better than in WWI Rationing of supplies and resources Victory Gardens Office of War Information (OWI) Most Americans believe in reasons for war, sacrifice

Germany & the Jewish Persecution Germany kills 6 million Jews, 5 million others Gypsies, handicapped, homosexuals, Slavic peoples Nazis pass laws restricting the rights of Jews Kristallnacht Many Jews try to leave for other countries—rejected The St. Louis Affair Rejected by the U.S. & Cuba, ship returns to Europe The Final Solution Concentration camps/extermination camps