Television History MIT 2000 15/06/2018 MIT2000.

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Presentation transcript:

Television History MIT 2000 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV as “Problem Child” of Communication Unidirectional Aesthetics Mass Audience “Lowest Common Denominator” Cognitive Impairment Postman –”Amusing Ourselves to Death” 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Television Leisure; Family Interaction Advertising/Consumerism Politics/Government Effect on Existing Media Print Radio 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Still Image Transmission Photofax Transmission (1880s-1900s) Wire news photos, 1920s Radio Transmission of Photos (1920s) Facsimile machine (1930s) “broadcast newspapers” 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Moving Image Transmission John Baird (1926) spinning disk as electrical information first demonstration of television BBC 1929-1935 early experiments 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Patent Fight Vladimir Zworykin (1932) experimental broadcasts RCA/David Sarnoff Philo T. Farnsworth earlier patents 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Early Television BBC: 1936-39 RCA at 1939 NY World’s Fair NBC broadcasts in New York, 1939- Slow Growth/Limited Use (1930s-40s) 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Why Delayed Development? Patent/legal fights Depression World War II Line-of-Sight Transmission Stratovision 300-mile Transmitter 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Rapid Growth, 1948-1959 TV sets TV Stations 1940: 3,000 (NYC) 1949: 1million 1951: 10 mil. 1959: 50 mil. TV Stations 1941: 23 (experimental/limited range) 1948-52 (freeze by FCC) 1952: 108 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Post-1948 Growth Factors (US) End of Rationing Manufacturers & Advertising Prior Model of Commercial Radio 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Post-1948 TV (US) Limited State Role Economic Concentration/Duopoly Assign/license frequencies “Limited Spectrum” Doctrine Economic Concentration/Duopoly VHF scarcity High Profits of Networks NBC, CBS, (ABC) 15/06/2018 MIT2000

Growing Popularity, 1948- Suburbanization Baby Boom More Leisure Time Rising Disposable Incomes From Upper to Middle to Lower classes 60% TVs sold (1950) on credit “poor man’s theatre” 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV: Utopian Promise Unify and Separate: New suburban family unit private social relations nuclear family Postwar ‘family values’ Separate gender roles/social functions Day parts/schedules 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV and 1950s Family Life TV as 'new family hearth' Displace piano replace fireplace (Xmas Eve logs) Displace piano “Cultural symbol par excellence of family life” 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV & “Family Room” Term first used in 1946 Organize household space ideal of family togetherness “Family-Television Room” semi-circle family/TV 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV and Childrearing (1950s) Remedy for “problem children” juvenile delinquency moral panic keeping kids at home 15/06/2018 MIT2000

TV: Dystopian Outcome? Total attention (unlike radio) not backdrop to bridge, conversation, Disrupt family/home less time for housework kids avoid outdoor play complex adjustments to domestic life viewing choice conflict 15/06/2018 MIT2000

“The Honeymooners” Episode: “TV or Not TV” (1955) domestic isolation/social integration spatial confinement productive work and leisure (TV viewing) gender conflicts assigned domestic roles passive viewing/ TV “addiction” 15/06/2018 MIT2000

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