MATTER

States of Matter

Question ?? How are temperature and kinetic energy related?

Matter Kinetic theory anything that has mass and takes up space. explains how particles in matter behave All matter is composed of particles Particles are in constant, random motion Particles collide with each other and walls of their container

STATES OF MATTER STATE CHARACTERISTICS PARTICLES SOLID   Definite shape and definite volume Closely packed in geometric arrangement LIQUID Indefinite shape and Have more space and slide pass each other GAS indefinite volume Have energy to spread out evenly in container PLASMA High temperature gas Positively and negatively Charged BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE Low temperature Clumped together all have same energy

The state of a sample of matter depends on temperature related to the average kinetic energy of an object. When the temperature increases kinetic energy increases and slows down or contracts when cooled. # Exception to Rule: Water when cooled it expands  

Composition of Matter

Question??? What's the difference between substances and mixtures?

Substance type of matter with a fixed composition that cannot be separated by physical means

Element substance made up of atoms with same identity  Examples: gold, helium, aluminum

Compound atoms of two or more elements chemically combined Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)

Mixture materials made of two or more substances that can separated by physical means

Heterogeneous mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished Examples: Pizza, Fruit salad Granite

Homogeneous mixture in which two or more substances are Uniformly spread out Examples: Vinegar, Salt water

Types Of Matter

Solution homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot even be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. Examples: Vinegar, Soda (unopened), and Hydrogen Peroxide.

Colloid type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solution, but still too light to settle out. Examples: Milk (Water & Fat) Fog (Water & Air), Cool Whip  # Detecting colloids is sometimes difficult so shining a beam of light at colloid will make the light scatter – this scattering of light by a colloid is called the Tyndall Effect.

Suspension heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. Examples: Italian dressing, muddy pond water, chocolate milk. * HINT: If it needs shaking to mix, then it’s a suspension

Describing Matter

Physical Property characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance Examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point

Chemical Property characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change Examples: flammable, combustible, may react to light

Physical Change a change in size, shape or state of matter; substance DOES NOT change identity when it undergoes physical change Examples: melting ice, cutting paper, breaking glass

Chemical Change a change in one substance to another substance Examples: fireworks explode, rusting metal

The Law of Conservation of Mass - says that the mass of ALL substances present before a chemical change equals mass of ALL substances after the change.