Industrialization Chapter 9.2

Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization. Essential Question? Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization.

MAIN IDEA- (ECONOMICS) The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems WHY IT MATTERS NOW- Many less-developed countries are undergoing the difficult process of industrialization today

Setting the Stage Industrial Revolution affected all parts of life in Great Britain. Change to machine production caused human suffering Unhealthy work conditions Pollution (air/water) Child Labor Class tensions especially between the working and middle class. Industrialization eventually leads to a better quality of life

Industrialization Changes Life England The pace of industrialization accelerates rapidly in Britain. 1800 People earned higher wages in factories than on farms People “believe” they could afford: To heat house with coal To eat Scottish beef Better, warmer clothing Stay ahead of the rat race

Industrial Cities Rise In England After 1800 population balance shifts toward cities Factories located in cities People went to find jobs Most urban areas double in population Known as urbanization: City building and the movement of people to cities Farms to Cities

London is England’s most important city Factories developed in groups Built near sources of energy, like water and coal London is England’s most important city Becomes Europe’s largest city Twice as many people as Paris Coal Deposits across the world

Living Conditions Because England's cities grew so rapidly Cities don’t have: Urban development plans Sanitary codes Building codes Inadequate: Housing Education Police Working Class Housing

Sickness was widespread Most streets unpaved No drains Garbage collects in piles Housing Shelters were dark/ dirty Families live in 1 room apartments. Sickness was widespread Cholera (deadly) epidemics would sweep through the slums, regularly Cholera: water-borne disease, caused by bacteria, transported by water

Working Conditions Owners wanted factories running as many hours as possible. Why? Average work day 14 hours, 6 days a week Work is the same day after day, week after week and year after year

Factories Coal Mines Most not well lit Moving parts of machines exposed Workers lose limbs Boilers would explode No govt. aid in case of injury Coal Mines Conditions damp Breathing of coal dust shorten workers lives by 10 years Many women and children employed in mines. Why? Kids in Mines

Class Tensions Grow Industrial Revolution creates enormous wealth in the nation Most of wealth goes to owners, shippers, merchants All part of growing middle class: Working class is gripped in poverty

New Social Classes Emerge Upper Class Aristocrats, old landowners Prosper immediately in Industrial Revolution In the past, had occupied top position With wealth came social, political power Consider business world and new middle class vulgar “Old Money”

VS Middle Classes (Educated) Upper Middle Class The Bank’s Middle Classes (Educated) Upper Middle Class Factory owners, merchants, bankers, govt. employees, doctors, etc. Some become wealthier than upper class New Middle Class Neither rich nor poor Factory supervisors, skilled workers, toolmakers, etc. Both prosper immediately in IR VS The Hill’s

Working Class 1800-1850 Workers see little improvement in working and living conditions Machines begin to replace manual labor What is the consequence? Luddites: Workers who began destroy labor saving machinery Rioted outside of factories This is the beginning of what political group?

Positive Effects of Industrial Revolution Creates jobs Contributes to wealth of nation Technological progress, invention Raised the standard of living, production of goods **Provides hope for a better life** These guys have become billionaires within the last 20 years

College? Healthier diets Cheaper, mass-produced clothes People live longer Cheaper, mass-produced clothes Expands educational opportunities Business’s need clerical, engineers etc. College?