Industrial Revolution
Work Session Notes – Industrial Revolution Cause and Effect Industrial Revolution 1750-1850 – Goods go from being produced at home to being produced in a factory using labor and new forms of energy.
Begins with Agricultural Revolution Simple tools Three field system Better plows - moldboard Small families Mostly rural
Women could earn money while caring for children, gardens, etc. Domestic System Workers set own hours Women could earn money while caring for children, gardens, etc. Provided income during hard times Farmers helped in the Coal Mining industry by pulling coal with wagons Children could help—lace making Workers could tend to chores Woolen production in home—later leather and lace
Effects of Agricultural Revolution Production increased Large farms dominate Fewer farmers Less laborious Big Business Population increase Demand for goods Demand for new technology
Why England? FACTORS OF PRODUCTION Natural Resources Water— Land, Labor, Capital Natural Resources Water— rivers for inland transportation Harbors for merchant ships Minerals—coal Raw materials Government Political stability Expanding economy Strong currency and banking Overseas trade
Textiles First industry to benefit from the IR John Kay – Flying Shuttle James Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny Richard Arkwright – Water Frame (Factory System) Edmund Cartwright – Power Loom Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts
Industrial England Early 19th Century CAPITALISTS & WAGES English entrepreneurs established their factories at the beginning of the nineteenth century, not in the traditional population centers such as London, but out of town, close to water power and coal fields and with easy access to markets.
Steam Age Newcomen’s Steam Engine 1705 Watt’s Steam Engine 1769
Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”
Robert Fulton Steam Paddle Ship 1807
George Stephenson Steam Locomotive 1814
Steel Henry Bessemer Bessemer Process Mid 1800’s
Samuel Morse 1830’s Telegraph Communication Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph 1895 Samuel Morse 1830’s Telegraph Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876
Thomas Edison Incandescent Bulb and Phonograph 1890’s
Industrialization in Europe By the middle of the nineteenth century industrialization had spread across Europe, aided by the development of railroad links that brought resources to the new factories and transported their finished goods to world markets.
Process of Industrialization Agricultural Revolution Scientific farming Seed drill Crop rotation Scientific breeding Food surplus Enclosure Movement Farmers move to city looking for work More productive crop yields Inventions Domestic System to Factories New methods of transportation and communication Railroads Steam
Impact of Industrialization Pages 723-726 Urbanization Living conditions Inadequate housing, education, police protection Dirty, unsanitary, illnesses spread Working conditions Long days Dangerous machines Women and children Class tensions grew
Positive Effects of Industrialization Creation of jobs Increased wealth of nation Progress in technology Increased production Increased standard of living Healthier diets Better housing Cheaper, mass-produced clothing
Effects of the Industrial Revolution Negative Poor working conditions Poor living conditions Poor health due to lack of income Spread of disease/lowlife expectancy Child Labor Desire for more natural resources Imperialism Positive Middle Class increases due to the creation of jobs It contributed to the wealth of a nation. It fostered the technological growth. It increased production of goods & lowered prices. Industry will spread to the U.S. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Effects of Industrialization Shifted world balance of power. How? Increased competition in industrialized nations and poverty in less developed nations. Industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. How? Effects of Industrialization