Evaluation of the Face and Related Structures

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Presentation transcript:

Evaluation of the Face and Related Structures

Anatomy Review-Face Bones Frontal, maxillary, nasal, zygomatic, temporal, mandible

Anatomy Review-Ear External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Pinna, external auditory meatus Middle Ear Tympanic membrane Ossicles Eustachian tubes Inner Ear Cochlea Semicircular canals Vestibulocochlear nerve

Anatomy Review-Ear

Anatomy Review-Nose Nasal, frontal, maxillary, vomer, ethmoid bones Nasal septum Nasal cartilage Hard and Soft palates Nostrils Choanae Pharynx Trachea

Anatomy Review-Throat Larynx Thyroid cartilage Trachea Hyoid bone

Anatomy Review-Mouth & Teeth Lips Oral vestibule Oral cavity Tongue Papillae Taste buds Lingual frenulum

Anatomy Review-Teeth Teeth Type Structures Incisors Cupsids Bicuspids Molars Structures Root Neck Crown Cementum and periodontal ligaments Gums Dentin Enamel Pulp

Anatomy Review-Muscles Mastication Facial Expression

History Location Onset MOI Other Symptoms Facial injuries are usually acute MOI Direct trauma Other Symptoms Illness, allergies

Inspection-Ear Auricle Contusion, laceration, avulsion Inflammation Tympanic membrane Periauricular area Battle’s sign-skull fx

Inspection-Nose Alignment Epistaxis Septum and mucosa Eyes and face Raccoon eyes-nasal fx

Inspection-Throat Respiration Thyroid cartilage

Inspection-Face and Jaw Bleeding Ecchymosis Symmetry Muscle tone

Inspection-Oral Cavity Lips Teeth Tongue Lingual frenulum Gums

Palpation Nasal bone Nasal cartilage Zygoma Maxilla TMJ Periauricular area External ear Teeth Mandible Hyoid bone Cartilages

Special Tests-Functional Ear Hearing Balance Nose Smell TMJ Open and close mouth

Special Tests-Neurological Cranial Nerve assessment-instruction to be provided when we discuss the head

Special Tests-Specific Tongue blade test Mandibular fracture

Specific Injuries to the Face Ear Auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear) Tympanic membrane rupture Otitis externa Otitis media

Specific Injuries to the Face Nose Epistaxis Fractures Saddle-nose deformity Deviated septum

Specific Injuries to the Face Throat Trauma usually results in respiratory distress

Specific Injuries to the Face Facial Fractures Mandibular Zygoma Maxillary Lefort

Specific Injuries to the Face Dental Tooth fractures Tooth luxations Dental caries Gingivitis TMJ dysfunction