Section 23-4 Mobilizing for War Mobilization – gathering of resources and the preparation for war National War Labor Board (Ap. 1918) eight hour work day extra pay for overtime equal pay for women right to form unions workers agree not to strike

Home Front Workers labor shortage- million men ->armed forces new opportunities for women, minorities Af. Amer. and Mexicans northern cities Cost $32 billion 2/3 raised – Liberty Bonds increase taxes income taxes – wealthy  70% of income

Supplies Food Herbert Hoover- Food Administration encourage farmers-> produce more; public- eat less “Wheatless Mondays” “Porkless Thursdays” plant victory gardens rationing- price controls to limit use Industrial production War industries – war related goods

Get public support Anti-war sentiment – strong Committee on Public Information persuade Americans that war was battle for democracy distrib. pro-war pamphlets gov’t accounts of war short patriotic talks – plays, movies actors- build support for war

Summarize Where did US get food for Allies? Vocab. term that means “limit use”? Who took the jobs left by the men? Who headed the Food Administration? List two ways Comm. On Pub. Infor. Advertised the war.

Harmful effects of war on US citizens Stifled voices of dissenters (opposers) Great Migration of African Amer. 300,000- 500,000 people not easy life- lived in tiny, crowded apt. race riots- worst – E. St. Louis, Ill. 40 Af. Amer. died, thousands lost homes Harmful effects of war on US citizens

Harmful effects-public opinion Opposition from: German Americans, Irish Americans- sympathized socialists – believed industries should be publicly owned pacifists- opposed to use of violence

Congress Acts Espionage Act- penalties for espionage (spying) and aiding the enemy Sabotage Act- made it a crime to say, print, or write almost anything negative about the gov’t sabotage (secret action to damage war effort) Thousands convicted under laws Some people spoke out against laws- intolerance others – no measure is too drastic toward traitors

Summarize What were opposers to the war called? What was the movement of thousands of Af. Amer. north called? List 3 groups of people who opposed the war. What laws made it a crime to say or write negative things against the gov’t? Were most people in favor of the wartime laws?

23-5 Searching for Peace After the War Europe in ruins- landscape devastated France, Russia, Germany, A/H lost 1-2 million people each 50,000 Amer. killed in battle 60,000 Amer. died from disease Total – nearly 9 million millions homeless, hungry

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Wilson’s peace plan adjusted boundaries in Europe created new nations national self- determination--> the countries decide how they want to be governed several principles free trade freedom of the seas end to secret treaties creation of League of Nations

League of Nations Members- preserve peace and prevent future wars pledge to protect one another’s territory Problems – where there were ethnic groups

Paris Peace Conference Big Four Pres. Wilson – US Prime Minister David Lloyd George- Britain Premier Georges Clemenceau- France Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando- Italy

Disagreement of Allies Wilson Opposed punishing defeated nations France/ Britain Wanted Germany broken up Make Germany pay reparations-payments All three countries sent troops to Russia to oppose Bolshevik Gov’t

How many people were affected by the war How many people were affected by the war? What is national self-determination? What countries were represented by the Big Four? What vocab. word means payments? Summarize

Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28th, 1919 outside Paris Treaty Germany had to accept full responsibility for war Germany pay billions in reparations to Allies Germany – disarm and give up all overseas colonies Cut up A/H and Germany to create new nations *League of Nations created

Opposed at Home US people thought was too harsh concerned that League of Nations would permanently involve us in world affairs Wilson – proponent (for) treaty – stroke Treaty was rejected by US – signed a separate treaty with each of Central Powers

List three terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Where was the treaty made? What did Americans think about the Treaty? Did the U.S. sign the treaty? Summarize