SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (ROUTE) SYSTEM - AM (R )S ( Presented by Christian Pelmoine /Dale Stacey, Eurocontrol SMG)

BACKGROUND : WHY ADDITIONAL AM(R)S SPECTRUM CAPACITY ? Congestion in existing VHF comm band The Problem is here already but is predicted to be critical around 2012-1015, despite enhanced VHF technologies Cater for new technologies and applications (when defined). High speed data, security, video, 3D awareness etc.. Provide convergence of data, IT and communication systems within Aviation Natural progression of the research and trials work being done at Eurocontrol for a 3G system. Less tangible phenomena of demand follows supply in next generation technology deployment (as seen with the mobile phone and internet application explosions)

BACKGROUND: MISSION REQUIREMENT FOR FUTURE AM(R)S Support voice and data Initially Commercial aviation, finally General aviation Finally in all controlled airspace: airport, TMA and en-route. A phased rollout would be anticipated targeting ‘hot spot’ congested core Europe first. Provision for new applications : high speed data Reliable and secure transmission link

THE SPECTRUM CAPACITY STUDY Realised by a leading Aviation ATS provider (DFS) with support of recognised 3G Telecomms company (LS TELECOM) Re-use previous traffic capacity study, including Eurocontrol/ DGAC Macondo, STATFOR. 3 steps: Estimate the traffic throughput Define a reusable model to translate traffic throughput into spectrum bandwidth Investigate the sensitivity of BW requirements with selected parameters

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS Use the most spectrally efficient technology adapted to the Aviation mobile scenario Technology based on the trials (CDMA) being undertaken by Eurocontrol Dimensioned for the long term (2029 traffic estimate) Dimensioned on busiest European sectors

DFS and LS TELECOM STUDY PRESENTATION

Future AM(R)S spectrum requirements To Dimension a future system (the three C’s) Capacity (max data throughput per given area/vol) Coverage (% of total coverage area) Cwality (Quality, Grade of Service)

Capacity New system must cater for;- CAPACITY At least a threefold increase in the number of voice channels High Speed Data services (greater than the existing VDL modes) Provisions for Video and Security requirements New technologies and applications (freeroutes, 4D, greater pilot awareness etc) less tangible phenomena of demand follows supply in next generation technology deployment (as seen with the mobile phone and internet application explosions) Other ?

Coverage Targets Assumption is this should be as per the existing VHF comm coverage or better ( a phased rollout would be anticipated targeting ‘hot spot’ congested core Europe first.) Quality Targets The grade of service as it manifests itself in Availability, BER, Blocking probability etc should be comparable or better than that realised in the existing systems.

Consider Busiest sector in Europe ? Paris TMA was chosen as existing traffic results were most readily available Study will be rerun using London TMA for a benchmark and control.

Future AM(R)S spectrum requirements Consider the busiest hour for this sector Peak Instantaneous Aircraft Count PIAC2000=34.16 (Analogous to cell subscriber density) Consider how this traffic will grow over the next 29 years (time to realise system and lifetime of system nominally 29 years) PIAC2029=34.16 x G(Growth factor)= 104.9 (growth 3.94% per year from STATFOR, G=(1+0.0394)^29 ) NOTE It is worth stressing that the aircraft density concept is important here. Ignore the controversial operational concept of fitting 105 movements in a TMA.

Breakdown of assumed throughput per Service (BASEBAND)   Throughput all a/c in kBit/s Fixed channel rate in kBit/s Required number of channels Voice DL 870,41 20 44 (43,52) UL 44 (43.52) Data+Security 809,17 64 13 (12,64) 3,14 1 (0,05) Commercial Data 197,60 4 (3,09) Video 768,00 384 2 Sum over all Services for average calculation 3974,7 2409,5 37,89 105 (104,9) 22,97 Average data rate in kBit/s 8,29 20,4 12,8 1,88 7,32

SIMPLIFIED MODEL Modulator RF OUT (MHz) BASEBAND IN (Mb/s)

Calculation of RF Bandwidth Requirements Required Bandwidth MHz EUROCONTROL   Channels 3,84 Mchips 1,2288 Mchips UL DL Voice 2,45 2,46 2,48 2,49 5 Data & Security 3,81 6,15 0,44 2,23 10 1,25 2,5 Data Commercial 0,55 0,45 Video 2,17 5,12 Sum 6,81 11,33 3,36 10,29 15 30 7,5 11,25 Sum incl. Overhead 8,51 14,17 4,2 12,86 EUROCONTROL average 8,65 14,64

Provisional Results of Bandwidth Calculation Bandwidth requirements in MHz Note granularity of W CDMA system is the dominating feature.

OPTIONS

Bandwidth requirement vs. cell radius Sensitivities

Bandwidth requirement vs. maximum transmit power

Impact of adjacent cell factor

Impact of transmit frequency

Conclusions to date Provisional indications show between 18.75 MHz and 45 MHz of spectrum will be required by 2029 The lower granularity IS-95 protocol would appear more suitable to the Aviation Scenario This calculation is provisional giving us a methodology and order of magnitude only This calculation is only valid for the deployment of wideband CDMA type technology for a very specific scenario (fixed cell radius, freq etc) Spectral efficiency of new technology is at least 4 times better than existing technology Sensitivity analysis presents some interesting conclusions on parameters for optimising system

Lobby for global support within Europe and beyond NEXT STEPS Still some work required on spectrum capacity assessment Review the com traffic estimate with the greater aviation community, in particular for the newest applications, further alignment of the study model to the ITU mobile model which is likely to increase required RF spectrum Build a political case to present information to CEPT and ultimately ITU, to enable spectrum allocation at WRC 2007 Support the feasibility (including flight trials) activity, selection of technology and candidate RF band(s). Lobby for global support within Europe and beyond