ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Intro to Macromolecules Vocabulary Important Words Headings

What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN , Phosphorus, Sulfur (C,H,O,N, P, S) Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”

What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON One carbon atom can form four bonds with other atoms.

What is a macromolecule? A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS formed by polymerization

The types of macromolecules: 4 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Ex: One carbon atom can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. Ex: basic structure basic structure CARBOHYDRATES NUCLEIC ACIDS Ex: Ex: basic structure basic structure LIPIDS PROTEINS

Carbohydrates Compounds composed of CHO Function – energy source, energy storage Monomer – Monosaccharides (simple sugars) EXAMPLES: glucose sucrose, lactose glycogen, cellulose, chitin

LIPIDS Made up mainly of CHO Function –energy storage, insulation Monomer – glycerol and fatty acid EXAMPLES: Fats (saturated vs. Unsaturated) and Oils

PROTEINS Compounds composed of CHON Function – structural support; cell growth; transport substances; communicate signals; speed up reactions Monomer amino acids EXAMPLES: antibodies; hemoglobin; keratin; enzymes

Nucleic Acids Made up of the CHONP atoms Function – store and transmit genetic information Monomer – Nucleotide (contains 3 parts: Sugar, Phosphate, Base) EXAMPLES: DNA RNA ATP