Civilisation des Etats Unis--5b: Young Republic Prof. Sämi LUDWIG UHA Mulhouse

Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson) 2

Minutemen statues at Concord, Lexington, etc Minutemen statues at Concord, Lexington, etc. 1775: first shots in Lexington!  beginning of Revolution

Revolutionary War (1776-1783) - blockade, British liberate slaves - Boston abandoned, but New York taken by British General Howe - Washington retreats & crosses the Delaware to Valley Forge - 1780 Alliance with France  General Lafayette 1783 Peace of Paris o favorable terms: - land to Mississippi, Great Lakes - Florida to Spain - unrestricted trade - organize new government - Westward movement

Emanuel Leutze: “Washington Crossing the Delaware” (1851)

Peace of 1783:

The Young Republic - 13 States: stars & stripes  Betsy Ross’s original flag: - 1776 Great Seal: E Pluribus Unum - “a new people”  American Adam, Melting Pot

Founding Fathers 50 years late:  Age of Reason, Freemasons vs Founding Fathers 50 years late:  Age of Reason, Freemasons vs. Romanticism - liberal cities: Deism, Unitariansim vs. camp meetings on frontier: 2nd Great Awakening New Constitution: - separation of powers: three branches: executive, legislative, judicial - two houses: Congress & Senate - Elections on first Tuesday in November - presidential “Electors” - American-born president, age restrictions

United States’ Constitution

Ratification of the Constitution 1788-1790 o Federalists vs Ratification of the Constitution 1788-1790 o Federalists vs. Anti-federalists: Anti-federalists: - Small farmers, laborers - Samuel Adams - Thomas Jefferson Federalists: - merchants, planters  The Federalist - Alexander Hamilton - James Madison - John Jay - Henry Knox

States rights o weak state governors o property needed to vote Bill of Rights (= first 6 amendments, 1789): - freedom of religion - freedom of speech - freedom of assembly - trial by jury 1783 post-war depression farm foreclosures, Second Great Awakening  1786 Daniel Shay’s Rebellion

1785 Land Ordinance: Northwest Territory territory  state (60’000 free inhabitants) - no slavery

1789: President George Washington Department of State: Thomas Jefferson Department of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton  1791 Bank of the United States Department of War: Henry Knox Chief Justice (Supreme Court): John Jay 1793 Whiskey Rebellion, march on Pittsburgh 1794 Neutrality Act (French Revolution) 1796 “Farewell Address”  warns of political factions, danger of sectionalism

Cherry Tree episode: “I can't tell a lie, Pa; you know I can't tell a lie. I did cut it with my hatchet.”

Zeus?

1796: John Adams elected Boston Federalist, liberal, 1796: John Adams elected Boston Federalist, liberal, pro central government vs. Republican Party (Anti-federalists)  de-centralize  rational, “natural aristocracy” (Jefferson’s aristoi)  James Madison, James Monroe, Aaron Burr 1798 Alien Act  naturalization period 5 to 14 years 1798 Sedition Act  “contempt or disrepute” against government  TV series?