Acid/Base Neutralization Reactions p.8-9 of your notes

Acid/Base Neutralization There are several definitions of acids and bases. For this unit we will use the simplest definitions. An acid is a compound that has Hydrogen as its cation (for example HCl or H2SO4). Table L in your data book has a list of acids and their names. A base is a compound that has Hydroxide as its anion (for example, NaOH or NH4OH).

Acid/Base Neutralization When an acid and a base react, it is a double replacement reaction in which they form water (HOH or H2O) and a salt. Remember what a salt is? A salt is any ionic compound (made of cations and anions)

Acid/Base Neutralization The generic equation for an acid/base reaction is: HA (aq) + BOH (aq)  HOH (l) + BA (aq) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)

Practice a few ___ HNO3 (aq) + ___ Ca(OH)2 (aq)  __ H2SO4 (aq) + __ NaOH (aq)  __ H2O (l) + __ Na2SO4 (aq) __ H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq)  2 H2O (l) + __ Na2SO4 (aq) ___ HNO3 (aq) + ___ Ca(OH)2 (aq)  2 HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 HOH (l) Aqueous nitric acid is combined with a solution of barium hydroxide. 2 HNO3 (aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq)  Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

3H+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq)  3H2O (l) Now please write the last complete & net ionic equations on p.9 (this is an acid/base reaction) 3H+ (aq) + PO43- (aq) + 3K+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq)  3K+ (aq) + PO43- (aq) + 3H2O (l) 3H+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq)  3H2O (l)

One final note: Catalysts (p.3) Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being chemically changed by the reaction; the catalyst isn’t “used up” in a reaction Chemists sometimes do not know precisely what role a catalyst plays in a particular reaction, only that it works! The formula of a catalyst is usually written over the arrow in a formula equation. Sometimes heat is considered a catalyst (if it gets a reaction started, for example); heat as a catalyst is indicated as a small triangle over the arrow