Assignment Assistance: Referencing Guide Devised by learning services at CPIT, Christchurch, Aoteroa Adapted by Dr. Ryota Nishino and Dr. Gary L. Kieffner

Referencing: Footnotes What we will cover today What sources you may have to read? What is referencing? Why is it important? Paraphrasing vs. Quoting Producing a bibliography

What sources you may have to use Books Journal articles Web sites Other sources ?

There are two aspects of referencing: Footnotes (citation) What is referencing? There are two aspects of referencing: Footnotes (citation) Bibliography (a.k.a. References or works cited)

Why is referencing important? It shows your tutor where you have sourced your ideas and information It shows (when you paraphrase) that you understand what you have read It shows that you have done some research. You will not get marks deducted.

Not using citation means The marker may think you are plagiarising. Plagiarise? FNU, like many universities worldwide, takes it seriously. “Plagiarism is the deliberate act of using another person’s work as your own. “[…] reproducing (copying) the work, even with small changes, taken from newspapers, books, journals, articles, lecture notes, the internet” or other sources.

The assessment should be “entirely [student’s] own work and has not been taken from the work of others, except where the work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of” the work. From FNU assignment declaration form.

Referencing styles Many styles Each style is different from the others Each subject and department has its preference. In History we use Chicago Style referencing. You will find a citation guide in the library. Make copies; use them; keep them.

What is a footnote? Acknowledgement at the bottom of the page (in the body of your assignment) where you found the idea or information. This is usually done by naming the author(s), titles, publication date, page number.

How do you insert a footnote? On Microsoft Word: Bring cursor to the end of a sentence. Click “Reference” “Insert footnote” Type in the information.

Bibliography This is a list of all the sources you have used in your assignment. Various pieces of information about the sources are required, and in a certain order, usually alphabetical.

Two ways to use information from sources in your assignment Paraphrasing: -Rewriting the author’s ideas in your own words but maintaining the same meaning.

When paraphrasing you should keep the original meaning but write it in your own words. You also need to state the author's name, date of publication and page number. Most of your assignment should be paraphrased.

continued Quoting: Copying the words from your source exactly You will need to use quotation marks (“ ..”) around the actual words you have quoted. You need to state the author’s name and date of publication, and the page number that the quote came from. Do you think your tutors prefer you to paraphrase or quote? Why?

Examples of footnotes and bibliography entries. The next group of slides will help you to do footnote citations and produce a bibliography entry.

Bibliography entry details: practice

Bibliography details, continued

Referencing a website: Look at this website – how would you include footnotes and the Bibliography entry? http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/press_e/stats.shtml Footnote: The Maori Language Commission, (n.d., “Survey Health” section, para. 3) Can you sequence these parts of a website reference list entry?

Referencing a website, continued Bibliography entry: Maori Language Commission. (n.d.). Survey on the health of the Maori language. Retrieved August 25, 2011, from http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/press_e/ stats.shtml

Bibliography Format and layout: - Look at the sample bibliography. How is it set out? - The word ‘References’ is centred at the top (no caps or bold) - the entries are in alphabetical order - second lines are indented - all lines are double spaced