World War I Domain 4 Part I

World War I Origins Allies: France, Britain, Russia Central Powers: Germany, Austria FOUR MAIN CAUSES Militarism – army/navy build-up Alliances – common defense guarantees Imperialism – competition for lands Nationalism – overdeveloped pride WWI began in Europe in 1914 and president Woodrow Wilson vowed to keep America neutral Why would Woodrow Wilson’s America want to stay neutral? 15a

MAIN Causes of wwi 15a

Who’s in and who’s out Alliance Central Powers Serbia Russia France Great Britain United States Austria Hungary Germany Italy (kinda) 15a

America Ends Neutrality In 1915, the Lusitania was sunk by German u-boats America demanded an end to unrestricted submarine warfare that endangered our neutral rights, lives, and trade In 1917, the German Zimmerman Note to Mexico enraged Americans In 1917, Russia’s communist revolution pulled them out of the war Why would Russia’s pull-out push America into WWI? 15a

Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Note

Great Migration WWI created lots of industrial jobs in the cities of the NE and MW African Americans moved North by the thousands Why would African Americans be eager to leave the South? 15b

Great Migration Before During 15b

Great Migration After 15b

The Great Migration 15b

Espionage & Sedition Acts Fear of dangers amongst us led the government to pass these acts in 1917 Communicating any info that would interfere with military operations or help our enemies would be a criminal offense What might be Constitutionally problematic about these wartime laws? 15b

Espionage Act 15b

Eugene V. Debs Labor union leader (Pullman Strike!) and Socialist presidential candidate in 1904, 1908, 1912 Gave a speech protesting military recruitment tactics and got TEN years in jail When else have we seen constitutional rights taken away during an American war? 15b

15b

Fourteen Points America had put the Allies over the top to win WWI in just over one year of fighting President Woodrow Wilson had a plan to avoid future wars and as the war came to an end he started to push it at home and abroad #1: Open Diplomacy #2: Freedom of the Seas #3: Equal Access to Trade #4: Disarmament #5: National Self-Determination #14: International Peace-Keeping Group Why does Wilson think he gets such a voice in the post-war treaty-making process? 15c

Wilson’s 14 Points 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set- up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states. 15c

Woodrow Wilson 15c

League of Nations Wilson’s 14th point was the most controversial – and unpopular at home Isolationists in America feared the League The Senate refused to ratify the treaty including the League of Nations Wilson campaigned heavily across the country for the League, but the US never bought into the international peace-keeping group Why would isolationists fear joining the League of Nations? 15c

League of nations 15c

Checking for Understanding What were the four main causes of WWI? Why did America enter WWI? How did WWI change African American lives? How did WWI change women’s lives? Why was the Espionage and Sedition Act viewed as unconstitutional? What rule did Eugene Debs break? What was Woodrow Wilson’s 14th point going to create? Why would isolationist fear joining the League of Nations?

Isolationism After WWI was over and Wilson left the presidency, America craved a return to normalcy in the 1920s For many, this meant a rejection of external political trends, international trade and more of a focus on domestic issues It has been said that WWI killed progressivism in the US…if so, what should we expect of government in the 1920s? 15c