Civilizations of East Asia Chapter 11

Vocabulary Scholar-Gentry Dowry Khanate Neo-Confucianism Porcelain Samurai Shogun Shinto Archipelago Bushido Zen Theravada Mahayana

China Reunified Lesson one: Students will know that after centuries of chaos and civil war, three dynasties unified China, bringing order, stability, and technological progress How did the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties bring order to China between periods of chaos and instability

The Sui Dynasty The Han Dynasty ended in 220, and China fell into chaos In 581 the Sui (SWAY) reunified China after centuries of disorder and civil war Sui Yangdi, the second emperor of the dynasty, completed the Grand Canal, which linked the two great rivers of China: The Huang He (Yellow River) Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) The Grand Canal also helped trade but used forced labor and high taxes causing rebellion that ended the dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty After Sui Yangdi was murdered, the Tang soon emerged The Tang Dynasty would last for nearly three hundred years, from 618 until 907 Rulers in the Tang Dynasty gave land to peasants and reinstituted civil service examinations based on the teachings of Confucius The Tang brought peace to northwestern China; extended control in Tibet; and established diplomatic relations with Southeast Asia before government corruption led to the collapse of the dynasty in 907.

The Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty rose to power in 960 The Song Dynasty is noted for the prosperity and rich cultural life that prevailed within China until the Mongols took control in the last 1200s Economic prosperity Land reforms and improved farming methods led to an abundance of food Trade flourished as private merchants became active and guilds grew Banking emerged as a money economy continued to develop Cultural achievements The invention of movable type made literature widely available Artists perfected techniques in landscape painting, sculpture, and ceramics Architects designed beautiful palaces, temples, and pagodas Music was popular and new forms of poetry developed

Government and the Economy During the period of the three dynasties, the Chinese developed a mature political system Improved farming techniques and land reform resulted in an increase in food production The Tang Dynasty developed a steelmaking process, cotton clothing, and gunpowder weapons. The Silk Road trade network helped the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas including religion During the Song Dynasty, the government loosened its control of long-distance trade and allowed private merchants to become involved In the A.D. 700s and A.D. 800s, paper money replaced some of the copper coins and a banking system developed YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoYJqGbwF_k

Chinese Society How did Chinese society evolve during the period of the three dynasties? During the Tang and Sing dynasties, economic progress resulted in prosperous cities. Wealthy urban families enjoyed new leisure activities. The gap between the rich landowners and poor peasants narrowed, but the landed gentry remained powerful Women had little power during this time. Parents preferred male children