Chapter 8 SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney

Topics we will visit… Emotional and Personality Development Families The Self Emotional Development Moral Development Gender Families Parenting Child Maltreatment Changing Family in a changing society

The Self Erikson’s Theory Initiative vs. Guilt Curiosity to try something new If fails in attempts leads to low self-esteem Can be due to parental threat, criticism and punishment

The Self Self-concept: The view of the self in relations to others Ideal self Real self General Self-Concept Physical Academic Social self Emotional

Developing Self-Concept Self-understanding Concrete observable characteristics Focus on specific competencies Typically positive Comparisons with younger self Understanding others

Emotional Development Expressing Emotions: Self-conscious emotions Understanding emotions : Certain things will evoke certain emotions Able to relate facial expressions to specific emotions

Emotion regulation Is important for becoming socially competent Helps make better peer relations Depends on parents: Emotion Coaching Emotion dismissing

Moral Development Is morality innate or learned? Reason?

Moral Development Moral Feelings: Guilt Anxiety Moral Reasoning: Piaget observation in naturalistic setting & experimental method Heteronomous morality (4-7 yr) Transition period (7-10 yrs) Autonomous morality ( 10 yrs and more)

Moral behavior Reinforcement Punishment Imitation Social environment

Gender Identity Development Why are boys and girls different before puberty, even though till puberty they are almost same Gender Typing: acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Gender Typing Gender Typing Biological Influences Chromosome & Hormones Evolutionary Psychology Cognitive Influences Social Influences Social Theories Parental Influences Peer Influences

Social Theory Social Role Theory Psychoanalytic Theory Cultural stereotypes about gender Psychoanalytic Theory Giving up oedipus & electra complex Role identification with same parent

Social Theory Social Cognitive Theory Gender Schema Theory

Activity FAMILIES Brickwall Backbone Jellyfish

Parenting Styles Accepting, responsive Rejecting, unresponsive Demanding, Controlling Authoritative Authoritarian Undemanding, uncontrolling Indulgent Neglectful

Outcomes of Parenting Style Authoritative Authoritarian Indulgent Neglectful High self esteem Low self-esteem impulsive Low emotional regulation Popular with peers unfriendly disobedient High antisocial behavior Low antisocial behavior unhappy rebellious Early sex and drugs High in coping skills Low self confidence immature Difficulties at school Parenting in Context

Corporal Punishment Should children be spanked and what are the benefits? Immediate Compliance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPADltNd-_o Disadvantages: High rates of aggression Punishment may instill fear Physical abuse of the child: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woqtB20jrCI

Child Maltreatment 700,000 U.S. children found to be victims of abuse (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2011) Types: Physical abuse Child neglect Sexual abuse: Emotional abuse:

Child Maltreatment Risk factors for child maltreatment Parental Family Community Child Consequences of abuse Emotional Consequences Adjustment Consequences Learning Consequences http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eztOqu1EA0

Changing Family Working parents Children in divorced families Outcomes Nature of parents work Children in divorced families 40percent of children born to married parents in the U.S. will experience parent’s divorce (Hetherington & Hagan, 2002). Outcomes Poorer adjustment Show more externalized and internalized problems