Rural Community Development Part 01: Conceptual of Rural Development Chapter 02 Concept of Rural Development © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Chapter Objectives Definition of development Definition of rural What is rural development Value of people’s participation Sustainable rural development © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Development Development is a complex issue, with many different and sometimes contentious definitions. A basic perspective equates development with economic growth. According UNDP: development is to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resource needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Development (Cont’d) Torado defines development “ is improvement on living thru income, productivity, education, nutrient, healthy, shelter, and other services”. Mc Nicoll and Cain defines development is growth toward of social economy and increasing the people’ s well-being. Robert Mc Narama defines development is providing need of people. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Development (Cont’d) So, definition of development is a process to increase ability of people and other organizations to manage sustainable environment, good condition living, and what are needed. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Development (Cont’d) © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Rural Definition Rural area is a geographic area that is located outside the cities and town. Typical rural have a low population density and small settlement. All people living at this area, they are farmers with their careers are based on agricultural sector includes rice farming and livestock. All people living, have similar belief, and traditional custom. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Rural (Cont’d) © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Definition of Rural (Cont’d) Rural Population Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population. The value for Rural population in Cambodia was 10,914,730 as of 2010. Over the past 50 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 10,914,730 in 2010 and a minimum value of 4,873,676 in 1960. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development Rural Development Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Helping rural people set the priorities in their own communities through effective and democratic bodies, by providing the local capacity; investment in basic infrastructure and social services, justice, equity and security, dealing with the injustices of the past and ensuring safety and security of the rural population, especially that of women. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development (Cont’d) According to Robert chambers, rural development is a strategy to enable a specific group of people, poor rural women and men, to gain for themselves, and their children more of what they want and need.  It involves helping the poorest among those who seek a livelihood in the rural areas to demand and control more of the benefits of rural development.  © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development (Cont’d) © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development (Cont’d) Rural Community Working Planning with people Initiating what people know and building what people have Training theories, practice and demos Not copy but it is improving Just provide aid but provide expertise Training is key of capacity building © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development (Cont’d) Rural Community Activities Research and analysis of information Participate for identifying priority needs Identify strategies to solve community’s problems Organize for each other caring and sharing Organize community’s structure Provide training course Prepare plans © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Rural Development (Cont’d) Rural Community Activities Implementation of plans Monitoring and evaluation Re-preparation of plans © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Value of People’s Participation Mr. Devid Kroten wrote in 1990 that the producing project or activities by government or organizations without the participation of people, projects or activities will be failure. Socialist said that to avoid of failure of projects or activities, we must consider the participation of people. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Value of People’s Participation (Cont’d) Mr. Paul in 1997 defined that the participation of people are vital process influenced to development’s goal or objectives by beneficiaries. Mr. Paul added that participation: Providing empowerment of participants Increasing capacity of participants Increasing the effective project or program © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Value of People’s Participation (Cont’d) Cohen and UPOFF in 1997 described on participation: In making decision, identifying problems, planning and producing strategies. Implementing project or program In social-economics, politics, and culture In evaluation of project implementation and results. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Sustainable Rural Development Improving the quality of life for the rural poor by developing capacities that promote community participation, health and education, food security, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth, thereby enabling community members to leave the cycle of poverty and achieve their full potential © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Sustainable Rural Development (Cont’d) Sustainability must be defined in a multi-disciplinary context. The definition should include not only the sustainability of the biosphere but also the viability of the economic, social, cultural, and political systems of the human population. Rural development can be only sustainable if it does not seriously harm the environment. © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management

Sustainable Rural Development (Cont’d) Six dimensions of rural development: Human Development Natural Resources & Environment Economic Growth Infrastructure Science & Technology Policy & Administration © 2010 Seng Theara, MBA--Management