Poverty & Environment Nexus Sub-regional Conference, June 21-22, 2006, Vientiane, Lao PDR

Thailand: Poverty Profile & Poverty Reduction Strategies

Poverty in Thailand 1988-2004: Poverty Line & Poverty Incidence Poverty Line (baht) Poverty Incidence (%)

Poverty Incidence by Region 1988-2004

Selected indicators 2004

Access to water & sanitation by the poor, 1990-2004 Water supply Mould Latrine Drinking water

Land Settlement & Land Reform Year Items 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Land allotment areas (mil. Rais) 3.247 1.881 1.920 2.008 3.252 3.176 3.178 Areas received land entitlement certificates (mil. Rais) 2.306 2.732 2.871 3.891 3.384 3.227 3.261 No. of land entitlement certificates issued 157,746 202,657 218,330 235,778 252,841 240,713 239,450 Budget expenditure (mil. Baht) 228 200 125 123 258 152 172

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring Household socio-economic survey by National Statistics Office—nationwide sample survey Basic minimum need indicators by Ministry of Interior—every household in rural area National rural development information—every village in rural area Registration of the poor

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.) Household socio-economic survey which is conducted by National Statistics Office since 1967, then collects every two years since 1986. Household’s income and consumption expenditure pattern Housing & sanitary conditions: types of material use, types of toilet, types of drinking water & water supply, land entitlement.

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.) Basic minimum need indicators collect every year by Ministry of Interior, since 1982. BMN provides information on well-being of villagers. It has 8 categories, 39 Indicators, for example: Housing: 5 indicators, e.g., durable condition, sanitation, sufficient clean drinking water, livable, free from polluted environment; Environmental protection: engaging in conservation of natural resource, protecting environment.

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.) 3. National rural development information provides basic information of development situation at village level. It started in 1982—evolved over period of time, collecting biennially—even year. Basic structure: land document, electricity, transportation, land entitlement; Production, Income & Employment Local business, employment, wage, farming production, migration, etc. Education: 6 indicators Health: 6 indicators Environmental Protection: 3 indicators

Data, Data, Everywhere Courtesy: Carla Abouzahr, Director MHI, WHO.

Working Process Physical & environment database 2 1 Basic information for problem solving Family Folder Physical & environment database Socio-economic database (GPP) Government program/project database (GFMIS) Local network database Monitoring & progress report quaterly External evaluation by NESDB 9 8 ศูนย์ปฏิบัติการวิเคราะห์ War Room District operation Plan & networking Identifying problems & situation analysis at Tambon & district level 3 7 Community action plan at Tambon level Family Folder 6 5 4 Civil society Family plan commitment

Physical & environmental database

Physical & environmental database

Socio-economic database At household, village, Tambon, district levels

Working Process Physical & environment database 2 1 Basic information for problem solving Family Folder Physical & environment database Socio-economic database (GPP) Government program/project database (GFMIS) Local network database Monitoring & progress report quaterly External evaluation by NESDB 9 8 ศูนย์ปฏิบัติการวิเคราะห์ War Room District operation Plan & networking Identifying problems & situation analysis at Tambon & district level 3 7 Community action plan at Tambon level Family Folder 6 5 4 Civil society Family plan commitment

Hill tribe people who had the conscience for conserving the forest and other natural resources, but were faced with poverty as well as lack of cultivated land, to live in this area. Qualified participants must be: Poor Landless who make a living from hiring out; Not involved with drugs.

Key Interventions Land settlement: each household was allocated approximately 2 rai (0.8 acres) of land for cultivation. The people obtained knowledge suitable for their agricultural occupation and possessed positive concern for the conservation of the natural resources. Water source management: Building check dam and transferring water from natural creeks to bamboo pipe for household consumption as well as through small irrigation channel for agricultural activities. Food security: a village rice bank was set up to ensure a sufficient amount of rice for the people to eat during off-harvest season. Health: trained village’s health volunteer to take care of the people’s health and sanitation matters. Education: providing compulsory education & non-formal education.

Persistence paid off Courtesy: Dr.Ties Boerma, Director MHI, WHO.