Carbohydrates 1

Carbohydrates Often called sugars and starches. Functions – energy, structural support Carbs are made of: C atoms H atoms O atoms NOTE! Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio! 2

Monosaccharide Means “single sugar” They are the monomers (building blocks) of a carbohydrate molecule. They are the major nutrient for cells. 3

Examples Glucose: Sugar produced by green plants (C6H12O6) Galactose: Found in milk Fructose: Sweetest; found in fruit. 4

Disaccharide = Molecule formed by the joining of two single sugars. 5

Polysaccharide = “Many sugars” Living things store excess sugar in this form. Ex. Cellulose/starch – plants, Glycogen - animals

Sugars Contain a Great Deal of Energy! Energy is stored in the chemical bonds. Energy is released when the bonds are broken.

Dehydration Synthesis The chemical reaction that joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water. Dehydration = “loss of water” Synthesis = “putting together” 10

Dehydration Synthesis 11

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Hydrolysis (Condensation) The exact opposite of Dehydration Synthesis. A molecule of water is added to break a bond.

Review

Recap! D.S. → starts with two separate things, ends with one, removes water Hydrolysis → starts with one thing, ends with two, adds water