Biomolecules Molecules of Life Each biomolecule is a MACROmolecule =LARGE molecule Made of subunits (building blocks) Organic Chemistry: Carbon Chemistry

Carbohydrates Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (C,H,O) Sugars (end in “-ose”) and Starches Subunits aka monomers are monosaccharides (simple sugar) Monosaccharide examples: Glucose and Fructose Starches are polysaccharides (polymer)

Carbohydrates Provide quick ENERGY 4 Cal/g Cell Receptors Monosaccharide  (draw this) Glucose C6H12O6

Simple Sugars: Carbohydrates Disaccharides “Two” “Sugars”

Polysaccharides Complex sugars : 1,000’s of glucoses linked Cellulose : Plants Glycogen: Animals Starches: plant storage (like potato)

Lipids : Fats, Oils Made of C,H,O Saturated and Unsaturated Subunits: Glycerol + fatty acids Secondary (Storage) Source of Energy Provide insulation & protection & hormones Major Component of cell membranes

Unsaturated C-C double bonds Liquid @room temp. Saturated Lipids:Fats Unsaturated C-C double bonds Liquid @room temp. Saturated C-C single bonds Solid @ room temp.

Steroids are Lipids Some Hormones: Testosterone, Estrogen, Cortisone

Lipids aka Fats

Proteins Made of C, H, O, N Monomers/subunits :amino acids Linked by PEPTIDE BOND Structural Components: Hair, Nails, Muscles Functions : enzymes, structures in cell walls, assist with metabolism and antibodies Enzymes: Help with chemical reaction in the cells and body (organic catalyst) end in “ase” Hemoglobin: protein in RBC carries O2

Proteins *Made from Amino acids *20 different Types (R Group) *Recognize by the N

Proteins

Proteins

Nucleic Acids Made of C, H, O, N, P Subunits/Monomers: nucleotides Two Types: DNA & RNA Carry Genetic Code DNA : Double helix RNA: single stranded

Nucleic Acids Nucleotides: sugar, phosphate & nitrogen base