The Hellenistic Kingdoms BCE

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Presentation transcript:

The Hellenistic Kingdoms 323-30 BCE

Euclid 323-283 BCE

Eratosthenes Geographer Astronomer

Aristarchus of Samos 310-230 BCE Heliocentric model of universe Incorrectly measured distance to the sun using mathematics and geometry

Archimedes of Syracuse 287-212 BCE

Epicurus 341-270 BCE Materialist but not really a hedonist

The Roman poet Lucretius (99-55 BCE) Our main source for Epicurean philosophy

Zeno of Citium 334-262 Founder of Stoicism

To what degree were the advances in science by Euclid, Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes resposnible for encouraging material philosophies, such as Epicureanism and Stoicism?

Did science discourage reliance on the gods? Yes, but cultural change was slow in the ancient world Maybe, but I am not sure how we could possibly measure or know that for sure No. The connection seems tenuous at best. I just own this clicker, but I am not sure how to use it.

Which civilization had the greatest impact on our political institutions? Sumerians Hebrews Greeks Romans

Overview of Ancient Rome Period of Kingship: 750-509 BCE Early Republic: 500-287 BCE Twelve tables for Friday Read intro to Tacitus Middle Republic: 287-133 BCE Late Republic: 133-27 BCE Empire: 27 BCE – 476 CE

Tacitus 56-117 CE

Rome and its Neighbors c. 500 BCE

Which of the following is most significant about Rome’s alleged founder? His father was the war god His mother was a vestal virgin impregnated by a god He killed his brother He invited the neighbors over, killed the men and raped the women None of these; it was just a myth.

Coin from Republican Rome c. 270 BCE

What does this culpture tell us about Rome’s founder?

Romulus and Remus allegedly founded Rome on the Tiber River around 750 BCE.

Rape of the Sabines – Nicholas Poussin c. 1635

Which of the following comes to mind when you think of ancient Roman culture? They were superstitious. They were farmers. They craved order. They were suspicious of concentrated power. They were more like Spartans than Athenians. Something else

Rome and its Neighbors c. 500 BCE

The Pantheon

Etruscan Tombs

Banquet Scene from Etruscan Tomb

Etruscan Tombs

Etruscan View of the Afterlife

For almost 250 years (750-509 BCE) kings ruled ancient Rome.

Our main source for the early Roman Republic is Titus Livy (c Our main source for the early Roman Republic is Titus Livy (c..60BCE- 17 CE)

Rape of Lucretia by Titian c. 1571

Brutus retrieves the dagger and calls for the overthrow of monarchy

Death of Lucretia by Sandro Botticelli c. 1500

The Oath of the Horatii – Patriotic Duty

Lictors Bring Bodies of Brutus’s Sons

What did the Romans not value highly? mos maiorum - reverence for ancestors Fides - Faithfulness Virtu – strength, loyalty, courage Passio – persue one’s passion