KANYA VIDYALAYA DEHUGAON SUB:-ICT BY MISS.POONAM JADHAV (ICT TEACHER)

Introduction to the Internet

What is the Internet? Internet: Is a worldwide network of computer networks Connects millions of computers all over the world Is a network where computers across different locations communicate with each other Is very popular because of its flexibility, ease of use and speed Speed is measured in Kbps, where Kbps stands for Kilobits per second. It is a measure of data transferring speed Explain the networking concept with an real life example. Like the network of roadways, telecommunications network Consider a network of computers in the primary section of your school and another network of computers in the higher secondary section of your school. Assume that the two networks spread over different locations are connected together so that you can send and receive data from a computer on one network to a computer on the other network

The Internet as a Network Is used in the organisations as a private network Is used for linking offices and employees Is used for transferring official data Is used for conducting meetings and conferences

Connecting to the Internet (Contd..)

Types of Internet Connection There are three different ways of connecting to the Internet. They are: Dedicated Internet connection Dial-up Internet connection Broadband Internet connection

Dedicated Internet Connection It helps you to gain access to the Internet directly It allows your computer to remain connected to the Internet all the time You do not have to dial up, as you do with a standard modem connection It requires a leased telephone line rented from a telephone company It is quite expensive because it requires special hardware Helps gain access to internet directly,not through ISP. Usually, large companies and universities have dedicated Internet connections

Dial-up Internet Connection You have to purchase this type of Internet connection from an ISP It is for a stipulated number of hours or for a specific duration On purchase the ISP provides you with a CD that contains A software package, a user name, and a password Standard dial-up connections are sometimes described as narrowband.

Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..) You have to install the software on the CD to activate the connection After installation, you can connect to the ISP by dialling the ISP’s phone number You need a telephone line to connect to the ISP You have to provide your user name and password when you dial the ISP’s number

Dial-up Internet Connection (Contd..) The user name and password check whether you are an authorised user While using a dial-up connection you cannot make or receive a phone call

Broadband Internet Connection It allows a great amount of information to pass through a high-capacity cable It is a high-speed permanent connection to the Internet It uses a DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) or a cable modem to connect to the Internet You can connect to the Internet through a standard modem, a local-area network connection in your office, a cable modem, or a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection. A cable modem is a device that enables Internet connection by using the television infrastructure. DSL is a high-speed connection that uses the same wires as a regular telephone line. DSL technology transmits data over phone lines without interfering with voice service. This means that you can browse the Internet and use the telephone at the same time. It is several times faster than a standard phone modem.

Broadband Internet Connection (Contd..) It can send and receive vast amounts of data up to 10 to 40 times faster than a standard dial-up connection It uses a fibre-optic cable to transmit data at high speeds A broadband cable is similar to a four-lane highway, whereas the conventional telephone network is similar to a narrow lane.

The World Wide Web It refers to the collection of information accessible on the Internet It is also referred to as the Web It consists of millions and millions of pages of text, pictures, sounds and animation on various topics These pages are called Web pages They are stored on different computers that are connected to the Internet

The World Wide Web (Contd..) Differences between Internet and World Wide Web are:

Web Features Some of the services and features of the World Wide Web are : E-mail Newsgroups Chat Rooms Search Engines LISTSERV

E-mail It is the most commonly used Internet service You can send and receive messages almost instantly Several ISPs provide free e-mail accounts You can also attach a variety of file types to a message For example, you can attach a Microsoft Word document along with the e-mail message you send E-mail is becoming more popular because, unlike regular mail, there is no delay and it does not require postage

Newsgroups They are discussion groups on the Internet You can have discussions on a wide range of topics Some groups are free and some need you to subscribe You can read, write and post articles to the newsgroups You can use e-mail to communicate with fellow users Topics include recreational activities, scientific research, computers and social activities. You can even post follow-up articles and check for new article groups

Chat Rooms Websites that you can use to chat with other users on the Internet Chatting refers to the exchange of typed messages between two or more users You can logon to the chat room by using Internet Chat software In a chat software you can type messages in one window and receive replies in another window It is similar to a telephone conversation

Instant Messaging These are small programs that allow typed conversations between two people only Major sites, such as MSN, AOL and Yahoo! offer their own versions of Instant Messaging

Search Engines Are used to search for information on the Web Searches for the keywords and returns links to relevant Web sites for you to choose from Helps to collect information on any topic of your choice As teachers, you can use search engines to collect information on your subject or latest trends in education Some commonly used search engines are MSN AltaVista, Google and Infoseek As teachers, you can use search engines to collect information on your subject or latest trends in education, or download images related to your subject to explain a topic more clearly. You can use the additional information that you download from the Web to enhance the knowledge of your students beyond the textbook coverage

Web Addresses or URLs Each Web site has a unique address commonly referred to as a URL URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator A URL specifies the exact location of the Web page on the Internet Certain conventions needs to be followed to name a Web Page Analogy with house addresses You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..) A typical URL would be: http://www.microsoft.com/catalog/navigation.asp scheme host domain path dataname Analogy with house addresses You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house. http:// : Identifies the protocol necessary to retrieve the file. Protocol is a set of rules that enables computers to exchange information. There are several protocols used on the WWW. catalog/navigation.asp specifies the path of the file stored on the Web server’s hard disk Microsoft indicates the name of the Web site www indicates that the Web site is on the Web .com indicates the type (in this case commercial) of the Web site

Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..) The last three letters in a URL provides information about the type of organisation the Web site belongs to URL Suffix Represents .co Company .com Commercial organisation .edu Educational institution .mil Military site .net Networking organisation .gov Government department .int International organisation .org Non-profit organisation .in India .us United States Analogy with house addresses You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

Web Addresses or URLs (Contd..) URL Suffix Represents .uk United Kingdom .ca Canada .my Malaysia .lk Sri Lanka .au Australia Analogy with house addresses You know that each house has a unique address, which helps us to identify it. Every address has a door number, street name or number, city name and pin code. This address is used to locate a house.

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