SOME PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR TRANSPORT EMISSIONS Chris Ferrary Associate Moving People. Changing Expectations Royal OverSeas League London Thursday 2nd October 2008 Steer Davies Gleave 28-32 Upper Ground London, SE1 9PD +44 (0)20 7919 8500 www.steerdaviesgleave.com

Today, we’ll be covering Transport and Climate Change Government Policy Practical Applications: Commission for Integrated Transport; London Climate Change Action Plan; Greater Manchester TIF; and Yorkshire and Humberside. Carbon Pathways Analysis What Practical Steps Should We Take?

Transport and Climate Change Almost universal acceptance that man-made GHG emissions (principally CO2 ) are causing climate change. Transport provides 15% of CO2 emissions globally, and about 25% in UK. One of the very few economic sectors in UK where CO2 emissions are still growing. Broad consensus that tacking CO2 emissions should be a priority and action is required in a deliverable, measurable and cost-effective way.

Government Policy Price Signals: Technology: Smarter Choices: Fiscal measures (e.g. VED, RTFO); and User charging. Technology: Lower carbon fuels; Energy efficiency; and Active Traffic Management. Smarter Choices: Workplace and school travel plans; Personalised travel planning; Information and marketing; Travel awareness campaigns; Teleworking; Teleconferencing; and Home shopping.

Commission for Integrated Transport (2007) Mandatory targets for emissions from new cars by 2020. Reinforcing positive driver behaviour (e.g. ‘eco-driving’). More intensive application of “Smarter Choices”. Technological improvements to the van and lorry fleets. Extending the EU carbon emissions trading scheme to cover aviation.

London Climate Change Action Plan (2007) Changing the way people travel; Operating vehicles more efficiently; and Using improved vehicle and fuel types.

Greater Manchester TIF (2008) Congestion Charge; Technology; and Smarter Choices

Yorkshire and Humberside (2008) Charging: Mileage Based Road User Charging; Congestion Charging; and Smartcards. Traffic management: Bus Priority; Car Free Centres; and High Occupancy Vehicle lanes. Smarter Choices: Car Clubs; Workbased Travel Plans; Personalised Journey Planning; Travel Awareness; Teleworking; Home Grocery deliveries; and School Travel Plans. Infrastructure: Rail Improvement; Land Use; and Trams.

Carbon Pathways Analysis (2008) Emissions from road traffic form 92% of domestic transport sector, and to reduce transport emissions significantly, they must be tackled. A variety of measures are required to target emission reductions most cost effectively across transport modes and journey purposes. Emissions associated with commuting trips by car are high for trips between 10 and 25 miles, (over one-third of the total). There is a need to identify better responses in the freight sector.

Marginal Abatement Curves Source: Department for Transport

What Practical Steps Should We Take? Comprehensive, integrated approaches, prioritising lower cost and short-term solutions. Focus on measures which are best placed to be delivered by the agencies developing the strategies. Consider user pricing on the basis of relative levels of CO2, if this will deliver an appreciable reduction in emissions. Adopt policies to support the Government’s initiatives to encourage technological innovation (e.g. low emissions zones). At regional and local level, Smarter Choices are likely to be the most cost-effective measures to reduce the CO2 emissions of transport.

Thank you