Specific heat capacity ‘c’ Why do we use water in a hot water bottle rather than sand or a metal lump to warm up a bed?

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ Why is our sea water always cold in the UK, where as the land heats up and cools down quickly?

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ The amount of energy an object can store depends on: i) the material it’s made from its mass how hot it is Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C . Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ Degrees Celsius 0C Joules, J Kilograms, kg Sp.ht.cap, J / kg / 0 C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ The amount of energy an object can store depends on: i) the material it’s made from its mass how hot it is Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C . Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ Degrees Celsius 0C Joules, J Kilograms, kg Sp.ht.cap, J / kg / 0 C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ The amount of energy an object can store depends on: i) the material it’s made from its mass how hot it is Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C . Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ Degrees Celsius 0C Joules, J Kilograms, kg Sp.ht.cap, J / kg / 0 C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ The amount of energy an object can store depends on: i) the material it’s made from its mass how hot it is Specific heat capacity ‘c’ is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1Kg of the substance by 1 0 C . Units of ‘c’ are J/kg/ 0 C Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ Degrees Celsius 0C Joules, J Kilograms, kg Sp.ht.cap, J / kg / 0 C

Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Water has a higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium. Uncertainties are caused by errors in the readings and heat loss. Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Water has a higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium. Uncertainties are caused by errors in the readings and heat loss. Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Water has a higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium. Uncertainties are caused by errors in the readings and heat loss. Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Water has a higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium. Uncertainties are caused by errors in the readings and heat loss. Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Conclusions: The time to heat up the Water 50C took much longer so water has a higher sp. ht. cap. than aluminium. Uncertainties are caused by errors in the readings and heat loss. Energy = power x time Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ a) E = 2 x 880 x (80 – 20) E = 2 x 880 x 60 E = 105,600 J = 105.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ a) E = 2 x 880 x (80 – 20) E = 2 x 880 x 60 E = 105,600 J = 105.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ a) E = 2 x 880 x (80 – 20) E = 2 x 880 x 60 E = 105,600 J = 105.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ a) E = 2 x 880 x (80 – 20) E = 2 x 880 x 60 E = 105,600 J = 105.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ b) E = 2 x 380 x (100 – 0) E = 2 x 380 x 100 E = 76,600 J = 76.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ b) E = 2 x 380 x (100 – 0) E = 2 x 380 x 100 E = 76,600 J = 76.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ b) E = 2 x 380 x (100 – 0) E = 2 x 380 x 100 E = 76,600 J = 76.6 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ b) E = 2 x 380 x (100 – 0) E = 2 x 380 x 100 E = 76,000 J = 76.0 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ c) E = 2 x 1200 x (140 – 20) E = 2 x 1200 x 120 E = 288,000 J = 288 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ c) E = 2 x 1200 x (140 – 20) E = 2 x 1200 x 120 E = 288,000 J = 288 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ c) E = 2 x 1200 x (140 – 20) E = 2 x 1200 x 120 E = 288,000 J = 288 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ c) E = 2 x 1200 x (140 – 20) E = 2 x 1200 x 120 E = 288,000 J = 288 kJ

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Specific heat capacity ‘c’ A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C. Energy transferred = mass x sp. ht. cap. x temperature change E = m x c x θ 21,000 = m x c x θ 21,000 = 0.5 x c x (30-20) 21,000 = 0.5 x c x 10 21,000 = 5 c 21,000 = c 5 c = 4200 J/Kg/0C

Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below B grade: calculation: Calculate the energy required to raise 2 kg of the substances below a) Aluminium 880 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 80 0C’. b) Copper 380 J/kg/ 0 C from 0 0C to 100 0C c) Oil 1200 J/kg/ 0 C from room temperature at 20 0C to 140 0C’. Q2 A grade: calculation: Calculate the specific heat capacity of water if 21,000 J are required to raise 0.5Kg from 200C to 300C.

Experiment to compare the Time taken ……….. s Time taken ……….. s Experiment to compare the energy needed to raise the temperature by 5 oC for 1kg aluminium and 1kg water 36 W heater t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg t1 = …. t2 = …. 1kg Energy = power x time Conclusions: Energy = power x time E = 36 x …. s E = 36 x …. s E = …. Joules E = …. Joules