Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages (November 2000)

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Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages 2240-2254 (November 2000) Lupus nephritis and the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome in pregnancy Ajay K. Singh Kidney International Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages 2240-2254 (November 2000) DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00399.x Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Frequency of a lupus flare (in percentage) for 11 retrospective and prospective studies spanning three decades. The rate ranges from 20% to 60%. The citation number is given in parentheses. Kidney International 2000 58, 2240-2254DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00399.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Frequency of a lupus flare (in percentage) in the different phases of pregnancy and the postpartum period. There appears to be no consistent relationship between the phase of pregnancy and lupus flare activity. Symbols are: (▪) Fraga et al29; (?) Mintz et al27; (□) Petri et al25; (?) Zulman et al21; (?) Carmona et al28. Kidney International 2000 58, 2240-2254DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00399.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of disease activity on the subsequent rate of lupus flare. Remission at the onset of pregnancy appears to be associated with a lower flare rate than if SLE is active at conception. Symbols are: (▪) Hayslett et al30; (□) Bobrie et al32; (?) Tozman et al39; (?) Urowitz et al31. Kidney International 2000 58, 2240-2254DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00399.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Kidney International 2000 58, 2240-2254DOI: (10. 1111/j. 1523-1755 Kidney International 2000 58, 2240-2254DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2000.00399.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions