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The United States Constitution APUSH

Adoption of the Constitution Method of Ratification The Constitution would go into effect when ratified by 9 out of 13 states

Adoption of the Constitution Debate over Ratification Federalists Antifederalists Bill of Rights The debate over ratification would split the political leaders of the time The debate over ratification of the Constitution would take place on the pages of the many newspapers and pamphlets that circulated in the country Federalists – supporters of the Constitution Antifederalists – opponents of the Constitution, they called for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which ensures certain rights and liberties to the people

Property owners, creditors, merchants Federalists Antifederalists Who were they? Property owners, creditors, merchants Small farmers, frontiersmen, debtors, shopkeepers What did they believe? Elites are best fit to govern and that “excessive democracy” is dangerous Government should be close to the people and power in the hands of the elite is dangerous What system did they favor? Strong national government, only elites should obtain governmental power Strong state governments and protection of individual rights Who were the leaders? Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, George Washington Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Paine The Federalists wanted to push the ratification of the Constitution and to influence future interpretations of the Constitution Antifederalists argued that although the Articles of Confederation needed to be improved, the proposed Constitution granted too much power to the national government

Reasons for Success of the Federalists Effective Organization Voting Qualification The Federalist Papers Influential Supporters The Federalists, was a series of eighty-five articles written and published between September 1787 and August 1788 The articles presented arguments in favor of the new Constitution Although all of the articles are signed Publius, it was well known the main authors were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay Hamilton wrote the first essay in response to a series of Antifederalist articles criticizing the Constitution

Adoption of the Constitution Process of Ratification Each state held its own Constitutional Convention DE, NJ, & GA ratified the Constitution quickly MA ratified the Constitution by a vote of 187 to 168 VA ratified the Constitution by a vote of 89 to 79 NY ratified the Constitution by a vote of 30 to 27 Both sides in the debate between the Federalists and Antifederalists won The Federalists won when the Constitution finally was ratified and became the law of the land The Constitution established the federal government as the central authority The Antifederalists won because the Bill of Rights would guarantee the rights of citizens

3 Branches of government

Legislative Branch House of Representatives Representatives serve 2 years Representatives must be 25 HR can propose tax laws HR can impeach President

Legislative Branch Senate Senators serve 6 years Senators must be 30 Approve presidential appt. Ratify treaties with other nations Try the President after impeachment

Legislative Branch Congress Make laws Can declare war Can override President veto with a 2/3 vote Regulates interstate commerce Establishes lower-court system

Executive Branch President Serves 4 years Must be 35 years old, 14 year resident and native born Has power to approve or veto laws President serves a four year term and can be elected to two terms President must be a natural-born citizen of the United States (can be born abroad of parents who are American citizens) President must be a resident of the United States for at least 14 years but not necessarily the fourteen years preceding the election) Benefits of the President - lives in the White House - $400,000 per year salary - $50,000 per year expense account - $100,000 per year for travel expenses - a personal jetliner – Air Force One - a place in the country – Camp David

Executive Branch President Enforces laws Commander in Chief Appoints cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, and federal court judges Pardons those convicted in federal court

Judicial Branch Supreme Court Serve for life Interprets laws Reviews lower-court decisions Decides constitutionality of laws Decides cases involving disputes between states There are 9 justices – one Chief Justice and eight associate justices The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the Supreme Court and it originally had only five associate justices, it also created a system of lower district courts around the country The President nominates Supreme Court justices, court of appeals judges, and district court judges and the Senate confirms them The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts confirmation hearings for each nominee The Constitution sets forth no specific requirements. However, members of Congress, who typically recommend potential nominees, and the Department of Justice, which reviews nominees’ qualifications, have developed their own informal criteria