The Specter of War (1919-1941) http://www.m1-garand.com/MapPage.htm

Timeline of Events 1919- The Treaty of Versailles U.S. rejects the Treaty of Versailles (55 to 39) due to Moderates and Irreconcilables concerns over provisions in the treaty

1921 1921- U.S. again rejects the Treaty of Versailles (49 to 35)

1922 1922- Washington Conference (US: 5, GB: 5, Japan: 3) [battleships /cruisers] Five Power Treaty (US: 5, GB: 5, France: 1.67, Italy: 1.67, Japan: 3) Four Power Treaty (U.S., G.B., France, Japan) - Status quo in the Pacific / end of Anglo- Japanese Alliance (1902) Nine Power Treaty -Internationalization of the Open Door Policy Fascists take power in Italy

1923 1923- Allies occupy the Ruhr Valley (Jan.) Beer Hall Putsch (Nov.) by the Nazis fails and Adolf Hitler is jailed for less than one year

1924 1924- Dawes Plan enacted (July-Aug.) - Signified German defiance of the Treaty of Versailles due to unwillingness to pay

1928 1928- Kellogg-Briand Pact signed (62 nations) -Condemnation of territorial acquisitions by force

1929 1929- The Stock Market Crash / The Great Depression

1930 1930- London Naval Conference (US: 5, GB: 5, Japan: 3) [heavy cruisers]

1931 1931- Manchurian Incident (Mukden Incident) -Chinese “attack” on Japanese-owned railway -Leads to the creation of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo

1932 1932- Stimson Doctrine -U.S. would not recognize any treaty or agreement between China and Japan that violated U.S. rights or agreements

1933 1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany (Jan.) - Japan withdraws from the League of Nations (Mar. 22) -Germany withdraws from the League of Nations -U.S. recognition of the Soviet Union London Economic Conference - Attempt to stabilize international currencies - U.S. backs out due to isolationist economics Pan-American Conference (Good Neighbor Policy)

1934 1934- Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act -Lowered the restrictive measures of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 Johnson Debt Default Act -Prevented debt-dodging nations from borrowing further in the U.S. Nye Committee -Congressional inquiry regarding U.S. involvement in WWI

1935 1935- German remilitarization in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles (Mar. 16) Neutrality Act of 1935 (Aug. 31) -Italy invades Ethiopia (Oct. 5)

1936 1936- Neutrality Act of 1936 German remilitarization of the Rhineland Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936- Apr. 1, 1939) Rome-Berlin Axis forms (Oct. 25)

1937 1937- Neutrality Act of 1937 Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937- Sept. 2, 1945) Quarantine Speech (Oct. 5) U.S.S. Panay attacked (Dec. 12) The Rape of Nanking (Dec. 13-mid-Feb. 1938) -300,000 deaths

1938 1938- Germany annexes Austria (Mar.) -Germany takes the Sudetenland (western part of Czechoslovakia) following the Munich Pact (Sept.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FrsFDEy_EY

1939 1939- Germany takes the rest of Czechoslovakia (Mar.) -Italy takes Albania (Mar.-Apr.) -Germany and USSR sign the Non-Aggression Pact (Aug.) -Germany invades Poland (Sept. 1) -England and France declare war on Germany (Sept. 3) Neutrality Act of 1939 (Cash and Carry)

1940 1940- Fall of Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg (Spring 1940) -Italy declares war on England and France -Defeat of France (June 18) Battle of Britain (Aug. 1940-June 1941) Destroyers for Bases (Sept. 2) Selective Service Act (Sept. 16) Tripartite Treaty (Japan, Italy, Germany- Sept. 27)

1941 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufoUtoQLGQY 1941 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufoUtoQLGQY 1941- Lend-Lease Act (Mar.) -Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) -General Hideki Tojo becomes Minister of War in Japan (July) -The Atlantic Charter is agreed upon by FDR and Churchill (Aug.) -Tojo becomes Premier of Japan (Oct.) - U.S. attacked at Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7) - U.S. declares war on Japan (Dec. 8)