South American Revolutions for Independence

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Presentation transcript:

South American Revolutions for Independence

Map of South America Today

Map of Latin American Populations

I Conditions that lead to War for Independence Africans 1. Enslaved, no freedom or pay 2. Poorly treated B. Native Americans 1. Loss of land & resources 2. Racial discrimination

I Conditions that lead to War for Independence C. Creoles (Crillos) 1. Fearing slave revolt 2. wanting more wealth 3. access to world markets 4. wanting more control of laws, etc

II. The War for Independence Begins

II. The War for Independence Begins in Venezuela On July 5, 1811, Venezuela declared independence from Spain On July 12, 1812, Spain defeated Venezuela The creoles abandoned the struggle, but Africans & Mulattoes continued to fight

III. War for Independence Spreads A. Simon Bolivar, a Creole continued to fight 1. known as El Libertador 2. Began a new military campaign a. took control of New Granada (Panama, Colombia, Ecuador & Venezuela) b. 1813 tried to re-take Caracas, Venezuela, but failed

III. War for Independence Spreads

III. War for Independence Spreads c. Bolivar took refuge in Jamaica, d. Bolivar returned to Venezuela with Haitian aid in 1817 e. By 1822, Bolivar had freed Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia & Panama

Battle of Boyaca, Colombia

Battle of Carabobo, Venezuela

IV. War for Independence Continues A. In Argentina, the fight for independence began: 1. 1813, Jose de San Martin led forces in San Lorenzo, Argentina where they were victorious 2. 1814 Martin began his march through the Andes Mountains

Battle of Chucabuco

Battle of Maipu

IIV. War for Independence Continues 3. By 1817, San Martin crossed into Chile 4. In 1818, he was victorious in the Battle of Chacabuco & Battle of Maipu 5. In1820, San Martin finally reached Lima, Peru where he said “

San Martin Proclaiming Peruvian Independence from Spain

IV. War for Independence Continues 5. In1820, San Martin finally reached Lima, Peru where he said “My announcement is not that of a conqueror that tries to create a new enslavement. I cannot help but be an accidental instrument of justice and agent of destiny. The outcome of victory will make Peru's capital see for the first time their sons united, freely choosing their government and emerging into the face of earth among the rank of nations”.

V. The Guayaquil Conference A. In 1822, Bolivar & San Martin met in Guayaquil, Ecuador on July 22, 1822 B. Both men met behind closed doors & decided the following: 1. End the war for independence quickly 2. Organize the different republics

V. The Guayaquil Conference 3. San Martin turned his power over to Bolivar 4. Bolivar & San Martin kept slavery , after promising to free Africans & Native Americans

Map of South American Independence

VI. South American Independence Bolivar continued to fight for the complete liberation of Peru By 1822 South America except for Brazil, the Guyanas & Suriname were free of European control

VI. South American Independence C. Brazil gained independence in 1822, but was still under a Portuguese “Emperor” , Dom Pedro, until 1889 D. Brazil continued slavery until 1889.