Internationalism: Maintaining Peace and International Order Events and Ideas #2: Internationalism: Maintaining Peace and International Order US History Unit 5

Answer the questions from PPT on your paper Contains One Video Answer the questions from PPT on your paper

Essential Question: Describe the impact that each international event or organization had on the post war world.

Nuremberg Trials Definition: a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany.

Nuremberg Trials Crimes against humanity The murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population before or during the war. Crimes against peace Planning, preparing or initiating a war of aggression. War Crimes Breaking the rules of war; killing prisoners of war and destroying homes and property Aggression is an attack on someone War crimes- violations of the laws or customs or war. Such violations shall include, but not limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labor for any other purposes of civilian population of or in an occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity.

Nuremberg trials 21 Nazi’s stood trial Answer these questions while watching the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcudlm6tPa0 Which high US official is at the trials? Who are the four nations that stand in judgement of the prisoners? Write down the list of things they were accused of (there are 11) What was the overall verdict for the 21? Example: _____ will hang, …

United Nations Definition: An intergovernmental organization with nearly 190 member nations established in October 1945, to promote international co-operation. Cold War era Though the UN's primary mandate was peacekeeping, the division between the US and USSR often paralyzed the organization, generally allowing it to intervene only in conflicts distant from the Cold War - except the Security Council resolution in 1950 authorizing a US-led coalition to repel the North Korean invasion of South Korea, passed in the absence of the USSR. In 1947, the General Assembly approved a resolution to partition Palestine, approving the creation of the state of Israel. With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the Middle East, Vietnam, and Kashmir, the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its ostensibly secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange. By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget. This changed again after the end of the Cold War.

International Declaration on Human Rights Definition: Adopted by the UN December 1948. Motivated by the experiences of the preceding world wars, it was the first time that countries agreed on a comprehensive statement of inalienable human rights. Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of FDR, chaired the IDHR drafting committee The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly December 1948. The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the WWII and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled. The full text is published by the United Nations on its website.

International Monetary Fund Definition: The IMF is an organization of 188 countries. Their purpose is to: foster global monetary cooperation secure financial stability facilitate international trade promote high employment sustainable economic growth reduce poverty around the world

International Monetary Fund Established in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries with payment imbalances can borrow. As of 2010, the fund had about 755.7 billion dollars

World Bank Definition: a UN international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. All its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of capital investment.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Definition: an agreement regulating international trade. Its purpose was the "substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on mutually advantageous basis. Established at a United Nations conference in 1947

NATO Definition: An intergovernmental military alliance formed in 1949 for the purpose of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70 percent of the global total. Members' defense spending is supposed to amount to 2 percent of GDP. NATO was little more than a political association until the Korean War galvanized the organization's member states, and an integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two US supreme commanders. The Cold War led to a rivalry with nations of the Warsaw Pact, which formed in 1955.

Warsaw Pact Definition: A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO.

Cold War Alliances NATO WARSAW PACT U.S.S.R. East Germany Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary Rumania Bulgaria Albania 1949: United States United Kingdom France Italy Canada Belgium Netherlands Denmark Norway Portugal Luxembourg Iceland 1952: Turkey Greece 1955: West Germany 1982: Spain

SEATO Definition: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization formed 1954 as an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia. Original member nations in the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan

Essential Question: Describe the impact that each international event or organization had on the post war world.