Cellular Processes Unit 5

1. Homeostasis-. The process within living organisms 1. Homeostasis- The process within living organisms that maintains a stable internal environment.

2. Cytokinesis- Division of the cytoplasm upon the completion of mitosis; ultimately produces two new daughter cells.

3. Interphase- Period in the cell cycle in which most 3. Interphase- Period in the cell cycle in which most time is spent, includes G1, S (DNA replication) and G2.

4. Passive Transport- Movement of materials into and 4. Passive Transport- Movement of materials into and out of a cell with the concentration gradient.

5. Diffusion- A form of passive transport that moves particles 5. Diffusion- A form of passive transport that moves particles from a region of high concentration of that particle to areas of low concentration.

6. Osmosis- A form of passive transport that moves water across a membrane.

7. Daughter Cells- The cells that are formed as a result of a parent cell dividing to make new cells (mitosis= 2 daughter cells).

8. Active Transport- Movement of material into and 8. Active Transport- Movement of material into and out of a cell against the concentration gradient.

9. Mitosis- Process of nuclear division while making new body cells (2 identical cells from one parent cell); prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

10. Chemotaxis- Movement of an organism toward or 10. Chemotaxis- Movement of an organism toward or away from a chemical stimulus.

11. Phototaxis - Movement of an organism toward or 11. Phototaxis - Movement of an organism toward or away from the presence of light.

12. Respiration Formula-C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

13. Contractile Vacuole- Organelle that takes on fluid 13. Contractile Vacuole- Organelle that takes on fluid then contracts to get rid of excess fluid in the cell in order to maintain osmotic equilibrium.

14. ATP- Form of chemical energy for all cells.

15. Pseudopods- Temporary extensions of the cell membrane of a microorganism for movement or feeding purposes.

16. Aerobic Respiration- Producing energy with the use of oxygen.

17. Anaerobic Respiration - Producing energy without the use of oxygen.

18. Photosynthesis Formula- 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

19. Lactic Acid Fermentation - Form of anaerobic 19. Lactic Acid Fermentation - Form of anaerobic respiration which causes muscle fatigue.

20. Alcoholic Fermentation-. Form of anaerobic 20. Alcoholic Fermentation- Form of anaerobic respiration carried out by yeast.