Photosynthesis AND Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

ATP Stands for adenosine triphosphate Composed of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate molecules When a phosphate bond is broken, the energy is released and ADP or adenosine diphosphate forms.

ATP/ADP Cycle Important for 2 reasons: Relieves the cell of storing too much ATP Some processes only need ADP energy Energy is used for making proteins, enzymes, and active transport Kidneys use ATP to remove waste

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis –uses sun’s energy to make simple sugars which convert into complex carbs like starches CO2 + H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + O2 Occurs in chloroplasts Chlorophyll absorb all light except green, which is reflected

Parts of Plants for Photosynthesis Stomata – gas exchange Roots – absorb water Xylem – water for plants Phloem – glucose for plants Vascular tissue – transports materials to cells

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration – mitochondria breaks down food molecules to produce ATP C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP There are two different types of Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration – creating ATP with oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria Occurs in plant and animal cells Creates 36 ATP Anaerobic Respiration – creating ATP with no oxygen required Occurs in bacteria, yeast, and muscle cells Occurs in the cytoplasm Creates 2 ATP 2 examples

Anaerobic Process Alcoholic Fermentation – makes CO2, ethyl alcohol, and 2 ATP Makes bread and beer Lactic Acid Fermentation – makes lactic acid and 2 ATP Feel burning in muscles Supplies energy to cells when no oxygen is present