Biochemistry Notes and Presentations

Carbohydrates The atoms that make up the molecule are CHO ratio: 1:2:1 The monomer is Monosaccharides......ex. Glucose What are some examples of the polymers Polysaccharides such as Starch and Cellulose What are the functions Quick energy, cell communication Where in the cell can they be found Cell membrane, used in mitochondria What foods can they be found in potatoes, cereal, sweets, fruits The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6 Soluble or Insoluble in water Soluble

Monomer of Carbohydrates: Glucose molecule on pg.89 ______________________________________________________________________

Lipids The atoms that make up the molecule are CHO The monomer is glycerol and fatty acid chains What are some examples of the polymers Oils, fats, waxes What are the functions stores the MOST energy, insulation, makes up cell membrane Where in the body/cells can they be found Cell membrane, stored in tissues What foods can they be found in butter, fats, oils Soluble or Insoluble in water Insoluble (think about washing dishes, or candles) What does it meant to be hydrophobic “scared of water”insoluble

Monomer of Lipids: ______________________________________________________________________

Proteins The atoms that make up the molecule are CHON The monomer is Amino Acids What are some examples polypeptides such as enzymes, structural proteins, and transport proteins What are the functions structure, catalysts (enzymes), transport Where in the cell/body can they be found cell membrane, all tissues, made in the ribosome What foods can they be found in meat, fish, eggs What is the purpose of the side chain (labeled “R”) identifies the amino acid (20 different types) Soluble or Insoluble in water Most soluble

Monomer of Proteins: ______________________________________________________________________

Nucleic Acids The atoms that make up the molecule are CHONP The monomer is Nucleotides What are some examples ATP, DNA, RNA What are the functions energy (ATP), genetic info (DNA, RNA) Where in the cell can they be found Nucleus, mitochondria What foods can they be found in? everything biotic Soluble or Insoluble in water Soluble

Monomer of Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide pg. 93 ______________________________________________________________________

Enzymes What type biomolecule are they Protein What are their building blocks amino acids What are their functions catalysts-speed up chemical reactions What do enzymes do in relation to energy decrease the amount used in chemical reactions Explain “specificity” Only specific enzymes work with specific substrates What internal environments can inhibit the work of an enzyme wrong temperature, pH, salinity

Draw and Label Activation Energy Diagram (pg. 108) __________________________________________________________________

Draw and Label Enzyme-Substrate Complex (pg. 109) ___________________________________________________________________

Homeostasis What is it internal balance..body works best at certain conditions Why is it important for organisms to stay healthy What is a negative feedback loop original stimulus set off actions that result in opposite stimulus -examples body gets hot, sweat, body cools off What is a positive feedback loop original stimulus sets off actions that amplify the process -examples contractions in labor amplify What is a hormone, and how do they relate to feedback loops and homeostasis hormones are chemical messengers that start a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis.

Draw Positive Feedback Loop (pg. 141) __________________________________________________________________

Draw Negative Feedback Loop (pg. 141) __________________________________________________________________