Mr Williams 10th Grade U.S. History New Deal and the People Mr Williams 10th Grade U.S. History

Describe how Hoover responded to the Great Depression. Why? Describe how FDR responded to the Great Depression. Why? In 1932, which party “won” the Election (s)? Why was that a big deal for the New Deal? What were the three Rs of the New Deal?

Relief CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps Planted trees, improved parks while living in camps with families WPA: Works Progress Administration Workers built roads, subways, airports, even zoos Recorded oral histories and created artwork in public buildings

Recovery Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) government payment to farmers to grow fewer crops •National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) mandated that businesses in the same industry cooperate with each other to set prices and levels of production • Also encouraged a minimum wage and less hours for workers

The Second Hundred Days Second New Deal: Congress passed laws extending government oversight of the banking industry and raised taxes on the wealthy Also funded new relief programs for struggling people

Congress of Industrial Organization CIO: John L. Lewis led this group which broke away from the AFL DIFFERENCE: Invited all workers not just skilled to join including African Americans and Women Today: AFL-CIO has more than 12.5 million members of more than 55 unions it represents

FDR and Labor Wagner Act: Outlawed threatening workers, firing union members, and interfering with workers organizing Established a National Labor Relations Board (NRLB) Fair Labor Standards Act: 40 hour work week, minimum wage, rules for workers under 18

Sit-Down Strike Requires strikers to stay a factory day and night until dispute is resolved GM strike in Flint, Michigan Result: GM officially recognized the UAW-CIO

Women and the New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt: 1st First Lady to play an active role in politics Anti-lynching campaign, wrote her own newspaper, women’s rights, civil rights, etc.

Frances Perkins: Secretary of Labor: First woman to head an executive department Played leading role in New Deal especially with Social Security BUT, men still paid higher wages and had more work opportunities as part of the New Deal

Black Cabinet Government officials who served as unofficial advisers to FDR under the leadership of Mary McLeod Bethune African Americans voted for FDR in great numbers in 1936 BUT critics typically agree FDR largely ignored Civil Rights

Marian Anderson African American Opera Singer 1939 Daughters of American Revolution did not allow her to sing at Constitution Hall FDR (mostly Eleanor) responded by giving her the opportunity to perform in front of the Lincoln Memorial

Lasting Impacts Minimum Wage, FDIC, SEC, TVA, Social Security, NLRB, etc. Hundred Days now a benchmark for all Presidents Government’s role has expanded to ensure economic stability

Reforms Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Provided government insurance for depositor’s savings up to 250,000 today Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Government watchdog over nation’s stock market Goes after people who are trying to “cheat” investors

Social Security Provides a pension (regular payments) for many people age 65 years and older Tax taken out of your paycheck that allows you to collect benefits once you meet age requirements if you have paid enough in over your lifetime

Deficit Spending Deficit: Occurs when government spends more money than it takes in from taxes and other incomes John Maynard Keynes: Argued that deficit spending could provide jobs and stimulate the economy: 1938 signs of rebound