Motivation and Emotion (Chapter 16) Second Lecture Outline: Needs and emotions Assessing emotions Human sexuality (166)

Basic human needs Physiological needs are reflected in personality McClelland: Need for achievement Thematic Apperception Test Abraham Maslow: Needs for affiliation, power, and achievement Needs form a hierarchy Motivation related to intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, e.g., getting an “A”

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Need for self actualization Progression if lower needs are satisfied, regression if they are not Esteem needs Belonginess and love Safety and security needs Physiological needs Student in a crisis: Are you alive? Are you safe? Do you have some friends to talk to? Are you feeling okay? Have you learned anything from the crisis?

Different components of emotions Subjective I am mad because I feel mad and my body feels tense Physiological I am mad because I am aroused and full of testosterone Cognitive I am mad because I just lost thegame and was all my fault

Emotional experience What comes first, cognition or emotion? You can be “afraid” in a big empty house, and then begin thinking about frightening things happening Someone can tell you stories in a big empty house and you end up afraid Do you show fear in your facial expression? Do you eye an escape route? How do you control your fear?

Major emotions in pairs Happiness and Joy Fear and anxiety Acceptance Anticipation/ Interest Sadness Anger Disgust or shame Surprise

How do you assess emotional experience? Self Report/ Subjective Behavioral observations (face, actions) Physiological measurement [arousal, hormones, polygraph]

Emotional schhematics: Ekman