“REPTILIAN” vs MAMMALIAN

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Presentation transcript:

“REPTILIAN” vs MAMMALIAN DENTITION

MOLARS OF MESOZOIC PROTOTHERIANS

MOLARS OF MULTITUBERCULATES & MONOTREMES Multituberculata Ptilodus Monotremata Obdurodon Ornithorhynchus

EVOLUTION OF THERIAN MOLARS Tribosphenic

THERIAN (TRIBOSPHENIC) MOLARS (occlusal view) upper lower (lateral view)

TRIBOSPHENIC MOLAR OCCLUSION

Variations on Tribosphenic molar ectoloph Dilambdodont (insectivore) Quadrate or Bunodont (primate)

MOLARS – crowns & roots

Lophodont molar (murid rodents)

Selenodont molar (artiodactyls)

Loxodont molar (elephant) (capybara)

DENTAL FORMULA Canis lupus Upper dentition (one side only) I C P M 3 1 4 2 1 1 4 3 I c p m Lower dentition (one side only) ________ 3 1 4 2 (x 2) = 42 3 1 4 3

DENTAL FORMULAS

Extreme dentitions Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus) simplification and reduction Common dolphin (Delphinus) simplification and multiplication

EARLY MAMMAL GROUPS

ORDER SYMMETRODONTA basal therians Kuehneotherium late Triassic – early Jurassic Europe Hadrocodium earlyJurassic, China Vincelestes early Cretaceus, Argentina

Loss of post-dentary bones in lower jaw SYMMETRODONTS Loss of post-dentary bones in lower jaw Hadrocodon (Docodont, Prototherian) Hadrocodium (Symmetrodont, basal Therian)

SYMMETRODONT Molar structure

Sinodelphys -- early Cretaceous (China) OLDEST MARSUPIAL? Sinodelphys -- early Cretaceous (China) 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 = 50

Eomaia -- early Cretaceous (China) OLDEST EUTHERIAN ? Eomaia -- early Cretaceous (China) _______ 5 1 5 3 4 1 5 3 = 54

Ukhaatherium late Cretaceus, Mongolia EARLY EUTHERIAN Ukhaatherium late Cretaceus, Mongolia 5 1 4 3 _________ = 50 4 1 4 3

Skulls of early therians

Skulls of early therians

ORDER: DIDELPHIMORPHIA Family: Didephildae EARLY METATHERIAN ORDER: DIDELPHIMORPHIA Family: Didephildae Alphadon (Late Createous, N. America) 5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 = 50

early diversification To Antarctica & Australia MARSUPIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY Asian origin? (early Cretaceous) To N. America early diversification (late Cretaceous) Reinvasion of N. America (Quaternary) Extinction on northern continents (mid Tertiary) To S. America (early Cretaceous) Ameridelphian diversification (late Cretaceous) To Antarctica & Australia (early Tertiary) Australodelphian Isolation and diversification (Tertiary) Isolation of southern continents (late Cretaceous)

CLADOGRAM OF RECENT MARSUPIALS Ameridelphia Australodelphia (outgroups)

MARSUPIAL CLASSIFICATION

Marsupial – Placental differences Cranial & dental morphology Didelphis Canis

________ 5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3-5 1 4-5 3 3-4 1 4-5 3 __________ = 50 = 44-54