Sociology Now 1st Edition (Brief) Kimmel/Aronson 15 c h a p t e r Sociology of Environments: The Natural, Physical, and Human Worlds Sociology Now 1st Edition (Brief) Kimmel/Aronson *This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

The Human Environment Being Born demography scientific study of human populations oldest and most popular branch of sociology Being Born fertility fecundity  fertility rate

The Human Environment

The Human Environment Dying mortality rate life expectancy infant mortality rate

The Human Environment

The Human Environment Moving In, Moving Out emigrating  leaving immigrating  arriving Involuntary Voluntary Push Pull

Population Growth Studying Immigration immigration and emigration rate internal migration average American moves 11 times during his or her life city, county, state, region “Rust Belt” to “Sun Belt”

Population Composition Population Growth Population Composition population composition comparisons by age and gender ratio of men to women population pyramid “expansive” “constrictive” “stationary”

Population Growth

Population Growth How High Can It Go? natural population increase Malthusian theory starvation: more people than food population geometric progression food production  arithmetic progression Marx unequal distribution of resources Ehrlich  the Population Bomb zero population growth

Population Growth

Demographic Transition Population Growth Demographic Transition demographic transition theory population and technology spur each other’s development Initial stage Transitional growth Incipient decline stage Decreasing the Rate of Flow compromising personal freedom?

The City: Ancient to Modern The Urban Environment The City: Ancient to Modern Çatalhöyük – oldest city cities grew along major rivers impact of Industrial Revolution 1900 – London most populous city population density

The Urban Environment Suburbs The Countryside “detached” housing “man’s home is his castle” bedroom communities  edge cities The Countryside rural-urban continuum – 9 levels rural “antipathy” to progress many small towns and cities are being repopulated

Revitalizing Downtown The Urban Environment Revitalizing Downtown gentrification megalopolis

Sociology and the City Human Ecology Durkheim mechanical solidarity organic solidarity Human Ecology human ecology Urbanization The Urban Village (Gans) Cosmopolites Yuppies Ethnic villagers The deprived The trapped

Sociology and the City Global Urbanization Concentric Zones Zone 1 – central city Zone 2 – manufacturing/wholesale Zone 3 – working-class residential Zone 4 – middle/upper middle class residential Zone 5 – commuter Global Urbanization

The Natural Environment ecosystems social world as subcategory of the natural world (Spencer) significance of the impact of social life in the natural world (Huntington) 1970s  Spaceship Earth conservation avoiding depletion of natural resources avoiding “fouling our nest”

The Natural Environment Energy Vanishing Resources Environmental Threats Pollution Garbage Global Warming The Sociology of Disaster Environments in the 21st Century

The Natural Environment

The Natural Environment