MARYLAND DRE Program & Challenges April 26, 2017 Sykesville, Maryland

DRE Program Status 155 Current DREs 35 Agencies Most Common Categories Opined (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* CNS Depressant 43.0 41.3 37.9 48.6 50.0 CNS Stimulant 7.7 10.8 9.1 12.8 13.9 Hallucinogen 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.3 Dissociative Anesthetic 10.2 12.5 10.9 Narcotic Analgesic 34.3 33.0 36.0 41.5 46.8 Inhalant 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.9 Cannabis 22.4 20.5 22.8 28.7 20.9 * - Through April 21, 2017

DRE Program Status 2 DRE Schools Each of Last Three Years New DREs DREs Certified DRE at Year End 2013 18 122 2014 17 133 2015 25 137 2016 155

Blood Test Results Received Drug Categories 2015 DRE Evaluations Blood Test Results Received Category # Blood Kits # Confirmed % Confirmed CNS Depressants 76 45 59.2% CNS Stimulants 19 8 42.1% Hallucinogens 2 0% Dissociative Anesthetics 20 16 80.0% Narcotic Analgesics 67 37 55.2% Inhalants 3 Cannabis 39 27 69.2% 226 results received 30 No Drugs Detected Results 256 results of 401 blood kits

Challenges Increasing the number of DREs 226 results received 30 No Drugs Detected Results 256 results of 401 blood kits

Increasing the Number of DREs 2 DRE Schools Each of Last Three Years New DREs Year DREs Certified DRE at Year End 2013 18 122 2014 17 133 2015 25 137 2016 155 85 DREs Trained – Net Gain 33

Challenges Increasing the number of DREs DRE Availability 226 results received 30 No Drugs Detected Results 256 results of 401 blood kits

DRE Availability

DRE Availability Paging System Voluntary Participation County # Evals # DREs Allegany 11 1 Anne Arundel 101 8 Baltimore City 28 2 Baltimore County 76 15 Calvert 45 9 Caroline 3 Carroll Cecil 22 Charles 49 6 Dorchester Frederick 41 7 Garrett 4 Harford 38 Howard 57 Kent Montgomery 128 23 Prince George's 34 Queen Anne's 16 Somerset St. Mary's 17 Talbot 10 Washington 24 Wicomico 30 Worcester Paging System Voluntary Participation 17.5% of Evaluations

Challenges Increasing the number of DREs DRE Availability Laboratory Testing 226 results received 30 No Drugs Detected Results 256 results of 401 blood kits

Laboratory Testing 9-Month Turnaround Limited Personnel 2 Chemists for about 1100 cases Court appearances Limited Drugs – Cut-off Thresholds No Drugs Detected

Challenges Increasing the number of DREs DRE Availability Laboratory Testing Court 226 results received 30 No Drugs Detected Results 256 results of 401 blood kits

Court No Appellate Court Decision Frye-Reed Hearing Requests Nystagmus Court Admissibility Expert Witness Validation