European Imperialism and Colonization in Southeast Asia

Colonialism …. Colonialism usually involves the transfer of a population to a new territory. The new arrivals live there permanently but are still allegiant to their homeland. They still control the land politically, economically, and socially.

Imperialism…. A strong country taking over another country politically, economically and socially. They exercise power/control over the country.

European Colonialism Europeans first arrived in Southeast Asia in the early 1500’s. Portuguese, Dutch, British, Spanish, and French all came to this area to gain wealth through trade. In the 19th and 20th these nations began to colonize this region. Thailand was the only country to remain independent.

Colonized Countries France Great Britain Netherlands Cambodia Laos Vietnam Burma Malaysia Singapore India Indonesia

French Colonization of Vietnam 1858 Napoleon invades Vietnam. The French took rice, coal, gems, and rubber out of Vietnam. They made the Vietnamese pay more for goods than they would have to pay in other countries. The French did not give the Vietnamese healthcare or education.

French Colonization of Vietnam Profit, not politics, was the real driving factor behind the French colonization. Colonial officials and French companies transformed Vietnam’s thriving subsistence economy into a proto-capitalist system, based on land ownership, increased production, exports and low wages. Millions of Vietnamese no longer worked to provide for themselves; they now worked for the benefit of their French overlords.

Fight for French Freedom In 1919 Ho Chi Minh (went to the Treaty of Versailles) asked that Vietnam be rid of foreign influence. He was ignored. During WWII, the Japanese invaded and controlled Japan. After the war when the French regained control, a group, led by Ho Chi Minh, convinced France to let Vietnam rule itself because the French were in no position to fight the Vietnamese.

The Beginning… The British East India Company In the mid 1700’s – B.E.I.C. grew to be the largest importer of goods, eventually governing certain areas of India. The company had…. Very little government interference Its own army ( led by SEPOYS, or Indian soldiers)

Why do you think the British are represented as a lion? Aim/Goal: How did British Imperialism Impact India? Do Now: Why do people feel the need to bully other people?

According to this map, why did the sun never set on the British Empire? Aim/Goal: How did British Imperialism Impact India? Do Now: Why do people feel the need to bully other people?

INDIA “THE BRIGHTEST JEWEL IN THE CROWN” India was considered Britain's most valuable colony ! WHY WAS IT SO VALUABLE? 1. Major supplier of raw materials 2. Large market for British-made goods. (300 million PEOPLE!) Europe hit the “INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION” and became the “world’s workshop” . India was the supplier for that workshop. + =

Restrictions Begin….. Indian economy could no longer operate on its own. Its raw materials (plantation crops: tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and Opium) were used for British manufacturers. India must buy BRITISH MADE goods! India and Britain could NOT compete economically EX: India’s textile (fabric) industry was put out of business! WHY do you think they were put out of business?? Indian people were forced by Britain to BUY ONLY British made textiles, NOT Indian ones. Cloth made by England was cheap, as opposed to Indian cloth.

IMPACT OF COLONIALISM… POSITIVE IMPACT Britain developed the world’s 3rd largest railroad network in India. Brought unity to the originally disconnected areas Helped develop a modern economy. British built modern roads, dams, bridges, irrigation canals which improved sanitation and public health. British founded schools and colleges = High literacy rate British put an end to wars between local rulers. NEGATIVE IMPACT British held political and economic power. British restricted INDIAN Industries from making a profit all $ put back into Britain. India produced crops JUST to sell them and give Britain a profit, not to EAT them; this created famine and disease. The increased presence of missionaries and racism was harsh on Indian life.

Based on this picture, how were the Indians treated under British Rule?

French Colonialism