Fruit and Nut Varieties HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Fruit and Nut Cultivars Cultivar Choice Pome Fruits Apples, pears, quince Nut Crops Almonds, walnuts, pistachios, filberts, pecans Stone Fruit Peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, cherries Small Fruit Grapes, blueberries, cranberries, strawberries HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

How do you choose the right cultivar/variety? Adaptation Climate Disease resistance Yield Tree characteristics Management ease Growth habit Pollination requirements Fruit qualities Ripening time Processing vs. fresh Local vs. distant markets Size Appearance - color, shape Internal qualities Flavor, texture Handling ease Storage HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Pome or Pip Fruits Apples Malus x domestica Cultivated species Pears European, Common, Occidental Pyrus communis Asian, Apple, Oriental Pyrus pyrifolia Hybrids communis x pyrifolia HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Apples are best adapted to COOL Climates Cold hardy High chill Late blooming Higher humidity and disease problems Apple scab Powdery mildew Fire blight Cool climates Better red color Cooler nights, more elongate shape Less russeting Less fruit drop Better yields WA 2000 bu/ac NE 500-1500 bu/ac HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Red Delicious 40% production 250 strains Fresh and processed Stores well (6 mo.) HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Golden Delicious Fresh and processed Stores well (6 mo.) Very productive 15% of production Yellow w/ Red Delicious shape HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Other Apple Cultivars Other McIntosh types: Empire Idared Spur types McIntosh (5% in East) Earlier ripening (130 vs 150) Stores well (4-5 mo.) HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Other Apple Cultivars Granny Smith (7%) Green, tart 180 days to mature HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Other Apple Cultivars Rome Beauty (7%), Jonathon, Idared, Empire Gala, Fuji, Pink Lady ... Low chill varieties Fuji Rome Gala HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Commercial Apple Production 10% of world production 40-50% used for processing Northeast - 25% Around Great Lakes 140-160 day season McIntosh, Red Delicious Central Atlantic - 10% In mountains 165 days but warmer Red/Golden Delicious, York West - 60% Best yields Cool, dry, no frosts Red/Golden Delicious HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

World production of apples 41 million metric tons/yr (mid-1980s): USSR China US The leading apple-producing countries in Europe are: France Germany Italy HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Apple Production in Texas Can they be grown? Yes but risky W and NW San Antonio NE Texas Challenges faced Too hot for good color development High humidity leads to disease Chilling problems in south: low chill types Calcareous soil and cotton root rot Competition HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Classes of Pears - Pyrus communis and pyrifolia European or Common 95% USA, 80% world Persistent calyx, melting flesh Pyriform Asian or Oriental 80% China/Japan 20% world Crisp, juicy, and sweet Globose to pyriform Hybrid types Fireblight resistance Quality and Picking European pears Best if pick hard mature, cold stored, and ripened at RT Asian pears Best if picked ripe HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Adaptability of Pears P Compared to apple Less hardy Lower chilling European, 900 to 1000 Asian, 600 to 800 Earlier bloom More heat tolerant Tolerates poorer soil Fireblight major limitation in humid regions HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

European Pear Cultivars 95% USA, 80% World production Bartlett (Williams, 1770) 75% USA production 125 days to ripen Very productive Stores 70-85 days Fresh and processed Parthenocarpic in Northern California Trends: red sports HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

European Pear Cultivars: Winter Pears Anjou 16% USA production 155 days to ripen Moderate production Stores 180 days Fresh use Bosc 4% USA production 160 days to ripen Stores 100 days Russetted fruit Fresh and canning Comice HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Asian Pear Cultivars 20% world production *20th Century or Nijisseiki Round Yellow-green skin White flesh Ripens with Bartlett Store for 4 months Susceptible to fireblight HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Asian Pears HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Hybrid Pear Cultivars 2% of USA production Adapted to Texas and other humid production areas Kieffer Hardy, MR to fireblight Productive Stores 90-120 days Ripens 6 weeks after Bartlett Processing only HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Hybrid Pear Cultivars 2% of USA production Other cultivars Maxine, Moonglow Ayers, Orient, Garber Flordahome (low chill) HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Quince (Cydonia oblonga) HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Quince Originated in western Asia Still cultivated there as well as the Mediterranean area and southern Europe When cooked the juice and pulp have a pink color. The fruit size varies according to the variety, but averages are 0.5-1.5 lb. HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Quince Reported to grow in all the 48 lower states, it grows into a small tree, usually less than 25 feet and can be trained to a spreading form. Self-fertile so only one variety is needed for fruiting. There are many named varieties. It is highly susceptible to fire blight and quince rust. HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Any Questions? HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production