Lecture 4 Technological Principles of Medical Instrumentation 6 October University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department of Biomedical equipment and systems Technological Principles of Medical Instrumentation By Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban Mahmoud 2017 Lecture 4

Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Lecture 4 Classification of Biomedical Instruments Measurement Input Sources Questions & Reports Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

There are many factors influencing device classification such as: CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Classification of Biomedical Instruments There are many factors influencing device classification such as: The duration of device contact with the body The degree of the device delivers medicinal energy to the patient, The biological affect on the patient. Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Classification of Biomedical Instruments The biomedical instruments can be approached from at least four viewpoints. Techniques of biomedical measurement can be grouped according to: The quantity that is sensed, such as pressure, flow, or temperature. The principle of transduction, such as resistive, inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, or electrochemical. Organ system, such as the cardiovascular, pulmonary, nervous, and endocrine systems. The clinical medicine specialties, such as pediatrics, obstetrics, cardiology, or radiology. Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Engineering Classification of Biomedical Instrumentation CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Classification of Biomedical Instrumentation 1. Measuring Instruments. 2. Audiometer 3. Blood cell counter 4. Blood Pressure meter 5. Blood PH meter 6. Blood flow meter Digital BP meter GSR meter 9. Stethoscope Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Recording instruments 1. Electrocardiograph 2. Electromyograph 3. Electro encephalograph 4. Expirograph 5. Phonocardiograph 6. Plethysmograph 7. Thermograph 8. Tomograph 9. Ultra sonograph 10. Radio graph ( x-ray) Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Monitoring Instruments 1.Bed – side monitor 2.Bio – monitor 3.Foetal monitor Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Analyzing Instruments 1. Colorimeter 2. Spectrometer 3. Flame photo meter

Controlling Instruments 1. Defibrillator 2. Dialysis instrument 3. Heart lung machine

A] Medical Classification of BMI 1. DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS 2. Endoscope 3. Stethoscope 4. Microscope

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS A] BLOOD INSTRUMENTS 1. Blood Pressure meter 2. Blood PH meter 3. Blood flow meter 4. Blood cell counter 5. Calorimeter 6. Spectra – Photometer 7. Flame photometer 8. Digital BP meter Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation B] HEART INSTRUMENT 1. ECG 2. Pace Maker 3. Defibrillator 4. Heart Lung Machine 5. Bed side monitor 6. Plethysmograph 7. Electronic stethoscope 8. Phonocardiograph Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation G] EAR INSTRUMENTS 1. Audiometer 2. Hearing aid Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

H] EYE INSTRUMENTS 2. Aid for blind 1. Occulometer CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation H] EYE INSTRUMENTS 1. Occulometer 2. Aid for blind Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017 Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation J] BODY INSTRUMENTS 1. Ultra Sonography 2. Thermograph 3. Radiograph 4. EPF 5. Endoscope Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Measurement Input Sources CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Measurement Input Sources Desired Inputs: Measurands that the instrument is designed to isolate. Interfering Inputs: Quantities that accidentally affect the instrument as a consequence of the principles used to acquire and process the desired inputs. Modifying Inputs: Quantities that cause a change in the input –output relations of the instrument. Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Example: ECG Signal Measurement CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Example: ECG Signal Measurement Desired Input: ECG voltage (Vecg) Interfering Input: 60/50 Hz noise voltage, displacement currents Modifying Input: – orientation of the patient cables when the plane of the cable is perpendicular to the magnetic field the magnetic interference is maximal Figure: Simplified electrocardiographic recording system Two possible interfering inputs are stray magnetic fields and capacitive coupled noise. Orientation of patient cables and changes in electrode–skin impedance are two possible modifying inputs. Z1 and Z2 represent the electrode–skin interface impedances. Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Chapter Questions What is the difference between the medical instrument and any another electronic instrument? 2. Explain the general block diagram of the medical instrument? 3. What is the difference between signal conducting and signal processing? Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Chapter Questions 4- What does it mean by: bio-sensor, bio-potential, bio-signal? 5- What are the main requirements of the biosensor? 6- Discuss the different medical instruments operation modes? Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Chapter Questions 7. What is the difference between the following different medical instruments operation modes: Direct and Indirect Invasive and Noninvasive Contact and Remote Sense and Actuate Real-time and delayed time Sampling and Continuous Analog and Digital Generating and Modulating Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Chapter Questions 8. What are the main and medical instruments constrains? 9. What is the difference between the signal interference and the cross-talk? 10. Explain how you overcome the medical instruments constrains? Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation Chapter Questions 11. What are the purposes of medical instruments compensation techniques? 12. What are the main factors that affected medical instruments classification? Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Medical Instrumentation Characteristics CHAPTER 2 Medical Instrumentation Characteristics Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

Many thanks Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban Questions?????