Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner Chapter 5: ERP System: Accounting and Finance © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Objectives Understand ERP accounting and financial system Review(重新探討) the interrelationships among business processes supporting finance and accounting © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

© Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Accounting Processes: Operational Production of transactions(交易) Paychecks(付薪水的支票), invoices, checks, purchase orders(採購訂單) © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Accounting Process: Management Control Processes Budgeting(預算) Analysis of allocations, expenditures, revenues(收入) Cash management Cash flow analysis What-if(若則) analysis Capital budgeting (資金預算) Evaluation tools: NPV, IRR, pay-back period Investment management © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Accounting Systems v. ERP Modules Information shares integrated database Provides up-to-date information Seamless(無限的) Creates document flow of transactions Accounting systems Manual or separate transfer of information Multiple platforms © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Accounting and Financial Systems Traditional Provide operational-level software Produce invoices, checks, statements(結算單) Financial accounting Financial statements for external reporting(外界的報告) purposes Management accounting Information on profitability(利益) © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

利益 完成的 子公司 查帳蹤跡 © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

ERP Financial Accounting Module External reporting Set by general accounting standards Legal(法律的) requirements Includes accounts receivable subsystem Interfaces(介面) with cash management Monitors accounts and updates, handles payments, creates due date(期限) lists, produces statements Accounts payable Handles payments, applies available discounts to maximize profits © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

Management Accounting Modules Internal accounting perspectives for directing and controlling operations Information on variances(差別) between planned and actual data Key activities Cost center accounting(成本中心會計) Internal orders as a basis for collecting and controlling costs Activity-based costing(基於活動的成本核算) of business processes Product cost controlling for profitability analysis Profitability analysis by market segment Profit center(利益中心) accounting of individual areas of organization Consolidation(聯合) of financial data for accounting perspectives Enable management to better allocate resources, maximizing profitability and performance Central clearinghouse(票據交換所) for accounting information © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner

ERP Systems Provide on-line, real-time data Operational data ABC data Feedback(回報) on quality and efficiency of processes Information must be timely and specific Used for real-time operational control ABC data Information on profitability and products Real-time(即時) data Estimates(估計) are sufficient Strategic information Basis for continuing improvement(持續改善) to operations © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1st Edition by Mary Sumner