A review of atomic structure and how it relates to Biology… Biological Chemistry A review of atomic structure and how it relates to Biology…

Chemistry = Study of the interaction of matter and energy

Classification of Matter = basic unit and building block of ALL matter Made of sub-atomic particles Particle Location Charge Mass

Classification of Matter Atoms gain and lose when reacting with other substances. Draw an atomic model. Note the nucleus and location of all three particles.

Classification of Matter Element = Symbol – 1 or 2 letters, unique for each element Au Fe H Na O He Ag Ca Periodic Table – Chemists use it as a tool Organizes the elements into Groups (columns) and Periods (rows) Atomic Number = number of Mass Number = number of and Number of Electrions = number of in a neutral atom

Classification of Matter Chemical Name: Symbol: Atomic #: Mass #: # of protons: # of neutrons: # of electrons: Boron 5 B 10.811(7)

Classification of Matter Draw a Boron atom Electrons in the electron cloud have special places 1st Energy level holds first 2 electrons 2nd Energy level holds the next 8 electrons 3rd Energy level holds the next 8 electrons Trickier after that – take Chemistry!  To be a HAPPY chemical, all elements strive to complete the outer energy level

Classification of Matter Using your periodic table and what you know about the atomic structure draw an atomic model for each of the following four elements. H O C N

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Octet rule – most atoms combine with other atoms in such a way that their are complete To be a HAPPY chemical, all elements strive to complete the outer energy leve. _______= Force which holds atoms together

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Covalent Bonds = atoms CH4

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Ionic Bonds = atoms either or their electrons There is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another Results in formation of charged atoms or NaCl

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Formulas (Molecular Formulas or Chemical Formulas) = group of chemical which represent the elements and number found in a molecule or compound O2 3H2O

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Formula List the different elements & # of each Total # H2 CO2 NaCl NaHCO3 2AgNO3 C6H12O6 4H2SO4 3Pb(NO3)2

Molecules, Bonding & Organic Compounds Chemical Reactions = 2 or more substances react to form new compounds Baking soda + Vinegar  Chemical Equation example 12H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6H20 + 6O2

Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds Of all the elements, only about are common in living things. Out of these , only 4 make up about 96% of the human body. These 4 elements are: ____ ____ ____ ___ These 4 elements can combine in many ways to form a variety of the organic compounds

Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds is the key component of these compounds. It is a special element because it has an atomic number of and a mass number of it is one of the smaller elements (versatile) It needs electrons to complete its outermost energy level It covalently bonds to a variety of elements, but especially to H, O, and N It is one of the most common elements found in nature, found in compounds that are in all three states of matter – solid, liquid, and a gas

Organic Chemistry – Carbon Compounds Most carbon compounds are very large molecules formed by joining together smaller molecules Smaller carbon molecules bonded together form One large carbon molecule Example : Glucose string together to make STARCH

Biomolecules MACROMOLECULE – or Biomolecules There are 4 major types of Macromolecules:

Carbohydrate & Lipid Carbohydrate (sugars) Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Use Chart Page and these References Handout for you assigned biomolecule Textbook (s): ORCA – pages 161-167 Light Green textbook – pages 33-37 Back of room Computers Model building encouraged – using model kits GOAL: Share information with your buddy home group (number on card)