non-linear digital editing project BTEC Level 3 extended diploma creative media production (TV & Film) UNIT 16: Film & Video editing techniques non-linear digital editing project By Hannah Stokes

The history of editing timeline 1916 D.W.Griffith creates a new style of editing 1890 The beginning of editing 1903 Edwin.S.Porter introduces a new way of editing 1990’s Birth of digital non-linear editing 1880’s Tape to tape editing From 2000’s- 2015 The use of old editing tecniques still today Late 1950’s-60’s The French new wave has made a huge impact on editing

1890 • The first edit was when someone wanted to put two reels of film together ahsas one didn’t have enough space for what they wanted to film In camera editing was also used this is when you film a shot stop the camera, move somewhere else and then continue filming Problems however with in camera editing are as follows: You have to film in sequence which means you can’t use the same place later on as it will cost to hire it again It costs a lot for a film reel If you mess up on filming then it will cost lots to redo it all It’s time consuming Stops you from changing your mind Limits to studio based filming

1903 Life of an American fireman(1903): Edwin S Porter was a film pioneer and his famous work in editing shaped the editing world today. Life of an American fireman(1903): Porter used multiple perspectives, VFX, transitions, multiple location shot non-sequentially and diegetic space n the creation of this peace Below you can see Porters Life of an American fireman 1903 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ym7-QW_GWo

1903 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc7wWOmEGGY The Great Train Robbery(1903)(below): Porter used a follow shot/ tilt which gave freedom to follow the action, developed diegetic space, production and post-production FX, colour and breaking the 4th wall Porter also created the 180 degree rule. He believed that if this is done poorly then it can ruin the suspense of disbelief 1903 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc7wWOmEGGY

1916 Intolerance by D.W.Griffith(1916) Intolerance is a film with four separate stories within it •Comparison with The Great Train Robbery: •The introduction of mid to long shots which allows the audience to see reactions •Cross cut has been introduced •We are seeing more fully rounded characters and complex narratives •Eye line matching has been introduced https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoaF8_dlqQA

1920 The Kuleshov effect was created by Lev Kuleshov This was the belief that if someone saw a blank face and an emotion provoking image that they would paste this emotion on the blacked face person as the audience would link the two images together https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gGl3LJ7vHc This can also be applied to any image for instance, if there is an image of a sweet looking dog and then a sign saying danger an audience would link the two images together and assume that the dog is dangerous

1924 Erich von Stroheim was an auteur who added colour to his shots by hand and sometimes they would use a stencil cut from a second print of the film They would use a fine brushes and they would use water based dye This was a time consuming task

1925 The most famous montage of the Russian revelation was in Battleship Potemkin This used lots of montage techniques like dramatic cuts, extreme close-ups and dramatic horizontal and diagonal composition

Late 1950’s-1960’s The French new wave rejected the traditional storytelling inspired by both Italian Neorealism portrayal of poverty and Hollywood’s ‘Golden Age’, the French New Wave became an influence on international cinema which is still being used today The use of jump cuts was introduced revolutionising the was editing is used today and this influence the use of this in the American new wave Here is a link to the rules of editing in the French and American new wave https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTeOhlva3k0 For more information on the French new wave click herehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?t=68&v=0R7R0JHvvgo

1971 The CMX 600 was the first non-linear editing this was done by CBS and Memorex In “skip field” mode on a disk pack drive it would record and playback in black and white analogue video The right monitor would be for making cuts and editing using a light pen The left monitor was used to display the edited video This didn’t take off due to the complexity of the equipment

1980’s Video linear corporate video production and tape to tape editing meant that editing was a very long and frustrating task( the image on the right on the screen is an example of this) If you got near the end and messed up there is no undo button like nowadays you would have had to start all over again

Early 1990’s The birth of digital non-linear editing and the ability to editing digitally this revolutionised the way editing is done today. No more laborious physical editing that if went wrong would have to be started all over again The use of this nowadays is massive it means that it is easier to edit film and sound

2001 The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring shows genre editing this often happens nowadays The use of cuts creates tension, pace and develops the drama these were originally created by D.W.Griffith and Edwin.S.Porter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSgeEH-Zwbk

2010 The use of these techniques are still shown in films nowadays for instance in Harry Potter and the deathly hallows café scene we see the use of eye line match which is a motivated edit, montage, cross cutting and motivated edits these were all created by D.W.Griffith and Soviet montage These all create pace, develops drama, creates humour in tension, tension and getting the audiences attention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk5I27gTOj0

2015 Even know a days editing techniques first created by D.W.Griffith and Edwin.S.Porter are still used in the creation of movies With the development of new technology the way that editing is used has changed due to this creating new and exciting films for an audience