Urban Future 7 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION WITH CITIES from 1970s to 2020s Lecture series Nov – Dec 2016 Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro-Hargrave, PhD in Urban Geography

Participatory approach to urban dev. The “People’s Process” of community development Addressing the root cause of disaster risk and its drivers through a holistic approach that engages local communities In the context of limited resources for the required assistance, community-led and people-centred approaches are proven highly cost-effective in reaching large number of the most vulnerable populations Relatively quick and simple to deploy in various context, unlocking people’s own ability to strategise and ACT Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro 2014

Unlocking the potential of people The five key elements of progress of individuals when organised as a community: organise the people to gain confidence to cross the psychological threshold; empowerment through mobilization security - a place of their own some form of financial assistance to get people started; technical advice to build better, resilient housing  will complete a cycle of support to the people to rebuild their lives (and their homes). The feeling of achievement, new dignity and security will elevate communities to a level higher than their pre-conflict or pre-disaster existence  SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - INSTEAD OF RECOVERY

Community empowerment process Organising Communities Community Action Plan (CAP) Workshop and Training Foundation Work of Road Construction Improved Access (Foot Bridge) Technical Assistance Technical Specialists Example of Cambodia flood response in the capital city 4 Signing of Agreement by Districts and/or Community Development Management Committee (CDMC) Final Proposal and Contract Approved by Municipality of Phnom Penh Community Members start Construction

Benefits of “people’s process” Comparative Advantages of Community Contracts: Source: People’s Process in Post-disaster and Post-conflict Recovery and Reconstruction, UN-Habitat ROAP (2008).

People’s process - Ulaanbaatar Participatory ger area redevelopment Organized and built the capacity of over 50 Community Development Councils (CDCs) to promote dev. of social capital. CDCs guided through structured Needs Assessment and Community Action Planning (CAP) stages helped identify priority public services and small improvement projects Poverty reduction through People’s Process: The community contracts implemented by CDCs (micro-projects & service facilities) generate employment for low skilled people. Construction works have assisted in improving the skills of unskilled people for employment elsewhere. Institutional dev.: the ger area upgrading strategy institutionalised by the city council in the revised Ulaanbaatar Master Plan, now guiding the city-wide dev. strategy.

Participatory planning tools A training series for local leaders and city planners in developing country contexts Source: Tools to Support Participatory Urban Decision Making, UN-Habitat Urban Governance Toolkit Series 2002.