Alloys What is an alloy? Example of useful alloys bronze brass Stainless steel a mixture of metals Useful alloys combine the best properties of two or more metals into a single substance A mixture of copper (Cu) & tin (Sn) A bronze can be used as a statue that can last hundreds of yrs. A mixture of copper (Cu) & zinc (Zn) A mixture of iron (Fe), carbon (C), chromium (Cr), & vanadium (V) this alloy is used to make appliances, knives, forks because it doesn’t rust easily

Metals in the Periodic Table Alkali Metals sodium (Na) & potassium (K) lithium (Li) Metals in a group have similar properties & these family properties change gradually from left to right Reactivity of metals tend to decrease from left to right group 1 lithium to francium Very reactive so always found as a compound in nature Has one valence electron that can be easily transferred to other atoms during a chemical change As pure elements these metals are very soft & shiny Most important alkali metals Both of these compounds are essential for life Used in batteries & some medicine vlal

Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Group 2 Not as reactive as group 1 but more reactive than most metals Never found uncombined in nature Each element is fairly hard, gray-white, & good conductors of electricity Each atom contains two valence electrons that can be easily transferred to other atoms during a chemical reaction One of the most common alkaline earth metal Combines w/ aluminum (Al) to make a strong but lightweight alloy to make ladders, airplane parts, & other products Essential part of teeth & bones Can find it in dairy products & green leafy vegetables

Elements in Groups 3 thru 12 Form a bridge betw. the very reactive metals on the left & less reactive metals on the right Transition metals are very similar to one another that differences betw/ nearby columns are hard to detect Most are hard, shiny, & good conductors of electricity These metals are pretty stable, reacting slowly or don’t react at all Some of the transition metals are used inside human body Iron(Fe), copper(Cu), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), & gold (Au). Transition Metals Some transition metals are

Iron (Fe) Metals in Mixed Group aluminum tin lead Without it humans including animals could not live It is an important part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen (O) in our bloodstream Groups 13-16 (these groups includes metals, nonmetals, & metalloids) Aluminum(Al), gallium (Ga), Indium(In), thallium(Ti), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), & polonium (Po) Lightweight metal used in beverage cans & airplane bodies Thin layer of tin is used to coat steal to protect if from corrosion in cans of food A shiny, blue-white metal used for car batteries It used to be used in paints & water pipes but not anymore because it is poisonous

At the bottom of the periodic table Called rare earth elements Fit in period 6 betw/ alkaline earth metals & transition metals Soft, malleable, shiny metals with high conductivity Used in industry to make various alloys Diff. lanthanides are found together in nature b/c they have very similar properties they are hard to separate Lanthanides

Actinides At the bottom of the periodic table below lanthanides Only thorium & uranium in this group exist on Earth in any significant amounts All the elements after uranium are synthetic (made in labs)