Chapter 12: Parts of Speech Verbs Verb – expresses an action or a state of being (linking verbs) Action Verbs - two kinds Physical: Mental: -jump -think -shout -worry -carry -believe Physical – The boy was running in the hall. Mental – The girl remembered the song.

Einstein became a famous scientist. State of Being Verbs/Linking Verbs: -be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being) -became -remain -look -taste -seem -feel -appear -grew Einstein became a famous scientist. Wild animals remain free in Africa. The watermelon looks ripe.

Verb Phrase – consists of a main verb and one or more helping verbs Helping verb Main verb Verb phrase might have taken might have taken may arrive may arrive Note: NOT is never part of your verb phrase 1. We will be discussing this issue at a later date. 2. He would spend all his money at the arcade if his mom would let him. 3. The newspaper has not arrived.

Subject-Verb Agreement – the subject and the verb must agree in tense and number *Tense – shows the time of action or state of being Present – places the action or state of being in the present find, make, play Past – places the action or condition in the past found, made, played Future - places action or condition in the future will find, will make, shall play *Number – singular or plural They write letters to each other. The girl writes a letter to her mother

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs: Transitive Verbs– expresses an action directed toward a person, place, thing, or idea *they have a direct object Direct Object: the word that receives the action of a verb. To find the direct object, first find the verb. Then ask whom or what after it. Maria bought six oranges. Verb – bought Bought what? – oranges Therefore, the direct object – is oranges The network cancelled the show. Verb – cancelled Cancelled what? – show Therefore, the direct object – is show

Intransitive Verb – verbs that express an action or tell something about the subject without the action passing to a receiver *there is no direct object The difference: The teacher read a poem. (Transitive) The teacher read aloud. (Intransitive) Janet swam ten laps. (Transitive) Janet swam well. (Intransitive)

Parts of speech Noun- person, place, thing, or idea Ex. Person: girl Place: school Thing: dog Idea: happy Prounoun- a word that takes the place of a noun Ex. I me us they we he she them her him

Parts of speech cont. Verb- A verb is a word that shows action or state of being. The action may be physical or mental. State of being Ex. am are was Action Ex. run think dream Adverb- An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Adverbs often end in –ly. Perfectly completely quickly

Parts of speech cont. Adjective- An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives tell how many, what kind, or which one. Ex. happy five strong this more green Preposition- A preposition relates a noun or pronoun to another in the sentence. Ex. about above beyond beside across from with on in by

Parts of speech cont. Conjunction- A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) for and nor but or yet so Interjection- An interjection is a word that expresses emotion or strong feeling. Ex. Uh oh whew! Wow Hey Oh no Yuck yeah