By Victoria Woodruff & Kenzie Coulthard The Spirit of Reform By Victoria Woodruff & Kenzie Coulthard

Theodore Roosevelt Hometown: New York City Born: October 28th 1858 Presidency: 1901-1909 Death: January 6th 1919 (Died in sleep at Sagamore Hill of arterial blood clot age 60 )

Roosevelt (ct.) Before presidency: After presidency: New York Assembly (youngest man to be elected for the assembly) After presidency: Back to politics

Theodore Roosevelt How did Roosevelt receive the nickname “Teddy”? What were his worries during the 1904 elections? What was the Pure Food and Drug Act for, and how did it begin? How old was Roosevelt when he became president?

Roosevelt Roosevelt was also known as “Teddy”, the nickname he received after he refused to shoot a bear. During the 1904 elections, he feared that his antitrust efforts had angered business leaders. He began the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, which banned the manufacture of contaminated and mislabeled food. The Jungle, a book written by Upton Sinclair, was what started the controversy. He was the youngest person elected president at only 42 years old.

Roosevelt’s Presidency Square Deal (Plan for government to treat everyone fairly.) National Park Service (Supervised the national parks and monuments.) Pure Food and Drug Act (Banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of mislabeled food and drugs.) He brought managers and strikers of the Pennsylvania coal miners’ strike of 1902 together for an arbitration. (formal meeting to talk about and settle disagreements)

Balancing Act Roosevelt regulates business Sherman Anti Trust Act “Trust Buster” Roosevelt helps the common man Passes and creates the Square Deal Everyone to be treated equally

Accomplishments Established national parks National Monuments Devils Tower Grand Canyon Mount Olympus Muirwoods Noble Peace Prize Favored the Conservation (protection of nature)

William Howard Taft 1857-1930 Hometown: Cincinatti, Ohio Presidency: 1909-1913 Yale University & Cincinnati Law School

William Howard Taft How was William Howard Taft’s administration similar to and different from Roosevelt’s administration? What was a major issue that separated him from the progressives? Why did progressives turn against President Taft in the 1912 election? What events took place during the election of 1912?

Taft He replaced most of Roosevelt’s cabinet members with corporate lawyers. The new administration started 90 antitrust lawsuits. Many progressives and Democrats were against the high tariff acts, saying that they increased the cost of living. The Republicans lost control of the House of Representatives during the 1912 elections. Taft believed that Roosevelt was insulting his efforts during the election, and wanted to reduce Roosevelt’s power.

During Taft’s Presidency Dollar Diplomacy (Use Military + Diplomacy to promote US business interests overseas) The Payne-Aldrich Tariff was passed. It lowered many tariffs but raised others. Both Democrats & Republicans criticized it. Sixth Amendment passed.

Before/After Presidency Other Occupations: Assistant Prosecutor Judge (Ohio Supreme Court) U.S. Soldier General U.S. Circuit Course Judge Governor of Philippines Secretary of War After Presidency: Professor of Law at Yale Many books published

Woodrow Wilson What were some characteristics of Wilson’s administration? What economic reforms did Wilson pursue? What was differenced Wilson and recent presidents? Why was he for a banking reform?

Wilson His cabinet was filled with powerful party leaders and southern politicians He made tariff reduction his first priority, backing the Underwood Tariff Act. Wilson was the first Democrat elected to office in 20 years. He believed that banking reform would make things more fair.

During Wilson’s Presidency Underwood Tariff Act (Led to he lowest tariff rating in many years) Sixteenth Amendment passed (Allowed the federal government to pass a tax on people’s incomes) Federal Reserve Act (Created a national banking system) Clayton Antitrust Act (Made federal laws against monopolies stronger)