Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization International Security and Peace Prof. Jaechun Kim I36005 Soohyung Ahn

Question Some scholars and pundits claim that traditional concept of “national security” is outdated to properly address the new types of security threats of the 21st century. They claim that now is time to pay more attention to “human security” than to traditional conception of national security. What are the natures of changed security environment that compel us to move away from traditional conception of national security? How does “human security” differ from traditional conception of “national Security”? What are the key characteristics of human security? How much theoretical and analytic mileage can we get from this relatively new concept in the field of international security and peace? Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Content Basic concept of Security Traditional concept of security Elements that compel us to move away from traditional concept of national security The key characteristics of Human Security Differences between traditional and human s ecurity Is the concept of Human Security useful? Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Basic concept of Security ① - ⑥ Security implies freedom from threats to core values for both individuals and groups. The state of feeling, safe, stable, and free from fear or anxiety Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Traditional concept of security ②- ⑥ In the early years of the Cold War, the concept of national security first came and became traditional concept in international security. The realm of security was initially broader. However, this wide conceptualization of security quickly narrowed down to a largely military focus. Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Elements that compel us to move away from traditional concept of national security ③- ⑥ First, the Soviet Union withdrew its military and ideological challenge and then imploded. Second, the United States dominance as super power was declined because of Vietnam War and increasing liberalization of the world economy. Third, the new groups such as Europe, Japan and newly decolonized countries emerged in security issues. Fourth, securitization of International Economy and Environment were increased. Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

The key characteristics of Human Security ④ - ⑥ Critical Security Studies (CSS) focus on individuals. This has led to greater attention being given to what has been called “Human Security. The origin of the concept of human security can be traced to the publication of the Human Development Report of 1994, issued by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP 1994). This concept has become increasingly widely used since the mid 1990s. It identifies the security of human lives as the central objective of national and international security policy. It focuses attention on human beings and integrates non-military mechanisms as means to security It includes both ‘freedom from fear’ and ‘freedom from want’. Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

The key characteristics of Human Security (cont’d) Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Differences between traditional and human security ⑤- ⑥ Human Security contrasts with national security which is the state-centered concept. security is a generic term which has varies in form vs The realm of certain area which have coherence. Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization

Is the concept of Human Security useful?⑥ - ⑥ Natural disaster Heightened vulnerability to civil war and terrorism Indirect impact Economic disruption, pandemic disease and ecological damage Direct Impact International migration and a Human Rights violation Changed Nature of Intl Security, Human Security, Securitization